工作记忆中“组块”概念的演化及理论模型  

The development of concept and theoretical models of“chunking”in working memory

作　　者：陈玉田 陈睿[1] 李鹏[1] CHEN Yutian;CHEN Rui;LI Peng(Faculty of Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,昆明650500

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2022年第12期2708-2717,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：在Miller提出“神奇的数字7±2”之后,“块”被很多理论作为个体工作记忆加工过程中具有稳定结构并可用于衡量记忆容量的单位。但随着研究者对“组块”研究的深入,他们对组块的定义也在发生着改变。与此同时,不少研究发现个体的年龄阶段与其主要采用的组块层级相对应,但尚不清楚组块层级的转换是否存在固定的年龄区间,且对组块机制的解释仍存在分歧。因此本文针对组块定义的发展与演变、年龄阶段特征及其机制三方面展开综合讨论。未来的研究可以更多探讨长时记忆在工作记忆组块运行机制中的作用,完善不同年龄阶段个体的组块特征,以及怎样发挥复述策略和“少即是多”原则在组块过程中的优势等问题。After a miracle principle of'7±2 chunks'which was proposed by Miller,chunking was considered as one of the most effective memory strategies,and it is a matter of great concern about working memory.Although previous researches have confirmed that chunking can increase the capacity of working memory,there are debates on the concept of chunking,the relationship between the structures of chunking and development of age,chunking capacity,and its works mechanism.Therefore,this paper aimed to discuss on all above issues.In the future,it is worth to focus on the role of long-term memory during chunking in working memory,the features of chunks at the stages of ages,and develop the advantage of the principle of“less is more”.

关 键 词：组块 工作记忆 模型结构 容量 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]