城乡居民食材消耗的多尺度地域差异及政策启示——基于烟台、兰州、新乡、九江家庭食谱的实证分析  

Multi-scale regional analysis for differences on residents'food consumption and policy implications:An empirical study on family recipes in Yantai,Lanzhou,Xinxiang and Jiujiang

作　　者：赵渺希[1,2] 师浩辰 李昕 Alfonso Mejia 姚玥希 王嘉钰 毕宇萱 ZHAO Miao-xi;SHI Hao-chen;LI Xin;ALFONSO Mejia;YAO Yue-xi;WANG Jia-yu;BI Yu-xuan(School of Architecture,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineer,The Pennsylvania State University,Pennsylvania State PA16801,USA;School of Architecture,Tianji University,Tianjin 300072,China;Carey Business School,Johns Hopkins University,Washington D.C.DC20001,USA)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院,广州510640 [2]华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广州510640 [3]宾夕法尼亚州立大学市政和环境工程学院,美国宾夕法尼亚州PA16801 [4]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [5]约翰霍普金斯大学凯瑞商学院,美国华盛顿特区DC20001

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2022年第10期2636-2650,共15页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52178037)。

摘　　要：近年中国粮食国际依赖程度持续上升,降低损耗、避免浪费成为解决粮食安全体系韧性问题的重要途径。然而由于不同地域城乡居民的饮食结构明显不同,实施开源节流的食品供应保障政策法规必须重视居民食材消耗的地域差异性,因此基于全球化视角解析居民食材的本地供应比例及其地域差异成为有待补阙的课题。为此,以烟台、兰州、新乡、九江4个城市为例,采用问卷调查的方式,探究4个城市食材消耗和对应生产土地需求量的差异性。结果显示:(1)不同食材与对应消耗的土地资源存在显著的地域差异,且这一差异与城市自然本底和居民饮食习俗密切关联;(2)4个城市居民食谱的全球化、本土化和本地化具有明显区别,虽然不同食材的本地化程度差异相对较小,但全球化程度差异显著。基于分析结果,探讨了粮食安全与反食品浪费的政策建议:一是反食品浪费的政策法规实施,需充分结合居民食材消耗的地域性特征,建立针对性的食材消耗标准与动态监测系统;二是在全球波动、强调粮食安全的背景下,地方政府应结合国土空间规划,讨论城市预留本地食材供应的战略性产地的可能性,以减少运输过程中的损耗。Currently,due to China's continuous rise of international dependence on food,reducing food losses and avoiding waste has become an important way to solve the problem of the resilience of the food security system.However,thanks to the obvious variations in the dietary structure of residents in different regions,the implementation of food saving policies and regulations should pay attention to these regional differences.Thus,it is necessary to analyze the food consumption habits(especially the dietary structure or ratio)of residents in different areas.In this context,taking Yantai,Lanzhou,Xinxiang,and Jiujiang as examples,our study used a questionnaire survey to explore the differences of the food consumption and its corresponding production land demand in the four cities.The results show that:(1)There are significant regional differences between dietary structures and their corresponding consumption of land resources,and this difference is closely related to the urban natural conditions and local dietary customs.(2)The origins(global,local and domestic)of food consumption of residents in the four cities tend to be different,and such differences are relatively small in local origins but significant in global origins.Finally,based on the analysis results,the paper discusses the policy possibilities for food saving and anti-food waste.First of all,the implementation of antifood waste policies and regulations should fully take into account the regional characteristics of residents'food consumption,in order to formulate targeted food consumption standards and dynamic monitoring systems.Secondly,in the context of global fluctuations and food security,local governments should pay more attention to the possibility of cities reserving strategic origins for local food supplies in combination with spatial planning,so as to reduce the food losses during transportation.

关 键 词：居民食谱 食材消耗 地域差异 土地资源 全球化 

分 类 号：TS20[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]