旧唯物主义真的是反主体性的机械论哲学吗?——对虚无化新唯物主义理论来源的质疑  

Is Old Materialism Really a Mechanistic Philosophy of Anti-subjectivity?——A Questioning of Ignoring the Theoretical Source of New Materialism

作　　者：王先鹏 Wang Xianpeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2022年第4期64-70,共7页Socialism Studies

摘　　要：旧唯物主义是一种高扬主体性的学说,反对宗教与专制政治对于自然的支配是其强调主体性的实在表现,“物质”的存在并不对主体性的运用构成障碍。此外,旧唯物主义还是一种注重反思主体性的哲学,在它看来,主体性的滥用会导致人对于自然和人本身的误读,还会引发社会道德的沦丧。因而,必须以现实的主体性取代抽象的主体性,将主体性的运用建立在普遍联系和因果性的基础之上。新唯物主义鲜明地继承和发挥了旧唯物主义关于主体性的观点,将其运用于社会历史之中,揭示出不受约束的主体性必然会割裂人与自然、与他人以及与自身的关系,只有在承认物质世界的先在性、制约性和尊重客观规律的前提下正确运用主体性,才能打破经济权力、政治权力和精神权力对人的压迫,重新做回自然、社会与心灵的主人。The old materialism is a theory of exaltation of subjectivity.Its objection to the domination of religion and autocratic politics over nature is the real expression of its emphasis on subjectivity.The existence of"substance"does not constitute an obstacle to the use of subjectivity by individuals.In addition,the old materialism is also a kind of philosophy focusing on reflection of subjectivity.In its view,the abuse of subjectivity will lead to people’s misreading of nature and themselves,and lead to the decline of social morality.Therefore,we must replace abstract subjectivity with realistic subjectivity,and establish the application of subjectivity on the basis of universal connection and causality.In these senses,new materialism clearly inherits and develops the old materialist view of subjectivity,applies it to social history and reveals that unrestrained subjectivity will inevitably sever the relationship between human and nature,human and others,human and themselves.Only by recognizing the primacy and conditionality of the material world and respecting the objective laws,can we use subjectivity correctly,break the oppression of economic power,political power and spiritual power,and become the master of nature,society and soul again.

关 键 词：旧唯物主义 新唯物主义 机械论 主体性 因果性 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]