后疫情时代:复工阶段不同阶层的社会情绪及压力因素  

Social Emotions and the Stressful Factors in Different Social Classes during Work Resumption after COVID-19 Outbreak

作　　者：杨莹 孔祥静 崔丽娟[1] 王彦[1] 姚琦[1] Yang Ying;Kong Xiangjing;Cui Lijuan;Wang Yan;Yao Qi(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention,School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai,China,200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院上海市心理健康与危机干预重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第4期980-987,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题(2020BSH006);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC190026)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究考察新冠肺炎疫情复工阶段,不同阶层社会情绪和压力因素随时间的变化规律。基于三次问卷调查发现:(1)民众的积极情绪始终高于消极情绪,而且随时间持续向好;(2)低阶层者的情绪始终比高阶层者更消极;(3)民众感知的安全压力随时间下降,而经济压力没有显著变化;(4)低阶层者感知到更大的经济压力,高阶层者感知到更大的安全压力;(5)安全压力在社会阶层与积极情绪和消极情绪之间起显著的中介作用,经济压力在社会阶层与消极情绪之间起显著的中介作用。研究揭示了不同社会阶层在复工阶段存在社会情绪和压力来源的差异,为有针对性地进行积极社会心态治理提供启示。The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened individuals’ health and exerted a great impact on national economic development and personal income.During major public emergencies,people’s social emotions and mentality changed as the pandemic progressed.However,the pandemic would not affect all social members in a similar way.Previous research has demonstrated that social class has a profound influence on individuals’ social cognition,emotion,and behavior.Facing the pandemic,people from lower social class are less likely to access public and personal resources,which may lead to more psychological distress.Since mid-February,China has rolled out active precaution measures while resuming production and work gradually and safely.During this period of post-pandemic,people of lower social class status may confront a higher risk of unemployment and thus lead to higher economic stress and more negative affect.The present study aims to investigate how people from different social classes might perceive and respond to stress during work resumption and to explore how their social emotions and perceived stress change over time.We conducted online surveys among Shanghai citizens at three time points approximately one week apart,with 1073 adults participating in the first survey(T1),983 adults participating in the second survey(T2),and 1078 adults participating in the third survey(T3).Since Chi-square test and One-Way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in demographic variables among the three samples,we added the control variables(i.e.,gender and age) in the following analyses.We measured social class and social emotions at all three time points.Besides,we measured perceived stress(i.e.,safety-related stress and economic stress) and the desire to go back to work at T2 and T3.All the measures showed good reliabilities and validities in the current study.The results indicated that:(1) Participants experienced higher levels of positive affect than negative affect at all three time points during work resumption.Also,

关 键 词：重大突发公共卫生事件 社会阶层 社会情绪 安全压力 经济压力 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学] C912.2[哲学宗教—心理学]