认知负荷与编码方式影响小学数学学业不良生的前瞻记忆及其成分  

Cognitive load and encoding methods affect prospective memory and its components in low achieving pupils in math

作　　者：陈幼贞 张曼曼 林秋蓉 CHEN Youzhen;ZHANG Manman;LIN Qiurong(School of Psychology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Liancheng County Experimental Primary School,Longyan 364000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学心理学院,福州350117 [2]福建省龙岩市连城县实验小学,龙岩364000

出　　处：《心理学报》2022年第12期1491-1502,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(BBA180082);福建省教育厅高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目:学业不良生前瞻记忆两种成分的影响因素、机制与提升策略(20180495)资助。

摘　　要：通过两个实验探讨认知负荷对小学数学学业不良生前瞻记忆及其成分的影响,以及是否可以通过执行意向编码提高其前瞻记忆及其成分的成绩。实验1结果显示数学学业不良生前瞻记忆、前瞻成分及回溯成分正确率显著低于数学学优生,高认知负荷条件前瞻记忆、前瞻成分及回溯成分的正确率显著低于低认知负荷条件;实验2结果显示执行意向编码条件下,数学学业不良生前瞻记忆成绩显著好于标准编码条件,前瞻成分和回溯成分的正确率高于标准编码条件。结果表明数学学业不良生前瞻记忆及其成分表现差于数学学优生;无论认知负荷高低,执行意向编码均可通过提升前瞻成分和回溯成分改善数学学业不良生前瞻记忆表现。Prospective memory is the memory for executing future intentional behavior at a proper time or occasion.Successful execution of prospective memory includes both a prospective and a retrospective component.The prospective component refers to remembering to do something when a prospective cue is encountered,and the retrospective component is the retrieval of the content of the intention to be executed.Both the prospective and retrospective components are indispensable for the successful execution of prospective memory tasks.Low achieving pupils in math with normal intelligence performed poorly on prospective memory tasks relative to high achieving math pupils.Because a failure of prospective memory may underlie academic failure in low achieving pupils in math,it is important to identify the causes of poor prospective memory performance.This study addresses the question of whether implementation intention encoding improves prospective memory performance in low achieving pupils in math and whether its effects are localized to the prospective and/or the retrospective component?In this study,two experiments were conducted to explore the above questions.Experiment 1 used a prospective memory task that disassociated the prospective component and retrospective component.Thirty-eight(38)pupils were recruited.The study adopted a mixed design of 2(ability group:low math achieving pupils,high math achieving pupils)×2(cognitive load of ongoing tasks:high,low)with the latter as a within-subjects variable.Experiment 2 investigated whether encoding conditions improved low math achieving pupils’prospective memory.Sixty(60)low achieving pupils in math were recruited.The study adopted a mixed design of 2(cognitive load of ongoing tasks:high,low)×2(encoding method:standard encoding,implementation intention encoding)with the latter as a between-subjects variable.The results of Experiment 1 showed that accuracy rates of prospective and retrospective components of low achieving pupils in math were significantly lower than that of hi

关 键 词：前瞻记忆 前瞻成分 回溯成分 数学学业不良生 认知负荷 编码方式 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]