辣木不同叶龄的叶片在春季的生理特性研究  

The Physiological Characteristics of Moringa Oleifera Lam.Leaves in Different Growing Days in Spring

作　　者：王瑞苓 刘建祥[2] 陈诗 WANG Ruiling;LIU Jianxiang;CHEN Shi(School of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650024 [2]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650024

出　　处：《玉溪师范学院学报》2022年第3期42-46,共5页Journal of Yuxi Normal University

基　　金：云南省教育厅基金(项目编号:2018JS345);云南省农业基础研究联合基金(项目编号:2018FG001-61);教育部澜湄流域国家生物多样性保护教育合作研究(项目编号:2020-611);2020年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目.

摘　　要：以永仁县多年生辣木为研究对象,研究其嫩叶和成年叶片在春天的生理特性.结果表明,相较于嫩叶,成年叶片的叶绿素含量、气孔导度、羧化效率显著增加,故其最大光合速率显著增大,叶片的鲜质量、干质量和干物质比率增加,水分利用效率显著优于嫩叶,具有很强的耐旱性.成年叶片的饱和光强约为1800μmolm^(-2)s^(-1),能适应高光强环境.嫩叶的饱和光强约为1000μmolm^(-2)s^(-1),嫩叶蒸腾速率大,水分利用效率较低,但其可溶性糖含量增加,且在下午失水严重时气孔导度下降甚至气孔关闭,具有一定的耐旱性,适合适中的日照强度.因此,春季应对辣木进行适当浇水,避免嫩叶受害.With the perennial moringa oleifolia in Yongren County as the research object,the physiological characteristics of its tender leaves and mature leaves in spring were studied.The results show that the chlorophyll content,stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency in mature leaves were much higher than those in tender leaves,which leads to a remarkable increase in max-photosynthetic rate of mature leaves,a rise in the fresh weight,and the ratio of dry matter to the dry substance.It indicates that mature leaves can use water much more efficiently than tender leave and have strong drought tolerance.With the saturation point of light intensity at 1800μmolm^(-2)s^(-1),adult leaves can adapt to high light intensity environment.The light saturation point of tender leaves is about1000μmolm^(-2)s^(-1).Tender leaves have high transpiration rate and low water use efficiency,but their soluble sugar content increases,and their stomatal conductance decreases or stoma even closes when water loss is severe in the afternoon.They have certain drought tolerance and are suitable for moderate sunshine intensity.Therefore,moringa should be watered properly in spring to avoid damage to tender leaves.

关 键 词：辣木 嫩叶 成年叶片 生理特性 光合速率 

分 类 号：S795.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]