自别于程朱:李塨对《大学》的诠释及其学术史意义  

Different from Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi:Li Gong’s Interpretation of Da Xue and Its Significance in Academic History

作　　者：李敬峰[1] Li Jingfeng(Department of Philosophy,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学系,西安710062

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期103-110,共8页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“关学《中庸学》研究”(项目批准号:21FZXB071)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：缘于《大学》在朱子、阳明学术分歧中的肯綮地位,其遂成为学者表达学术立场、回应时代关切的凭借和要典。处于清初经学复兴背景下的李塨,借助于对《大学》的新诠,摈弃朱子改本,力采古本《大学》,以“格物”、“诚意”作为《大学》的义理间架,主张“格物”为“格《周礼》三物”,标揭“格物”的实学面向,同时以“意”为“心所主之事”来反驳朱子、阳明的“意为心之所发”,旨在矫正从已发维度理解“意”所导致的任心而行的思想流弊,呈现出“汉宋兼采”、“自别于程朱”、“倡导实学”的学术特质,并涵具丰富的学术史意义:一是迎合和助推清初的“回归原典”的学术思潮;二是弥合乃师颜元《大学》诠释废弃训诂的不足;三是从实学的角度丰富和拓展《大学》的诠释维度和意义世界。Da Xue is not only the core basis of the Neo-Confucianism theory in the Song and Ming Dynasties,but also the main proof of their entry into mainstream academic thoughts.Li Gong,who was from the background of Confucian classics revival in the early Qing Dynasty,provided a new interpretation of Da Xue in a way of abandoning Zhu Xi’s version and adopting the ancient version instead.He took“Investigating Things and Making Intent Sincere”as the theoretical framework of Da Xue,and advocated that“Investigating Things”was the three objects of Zhou Li,which marked the real learning orientation of“Investigating Things.”He thought that mind is the goal and the direction of the heart,and refuted Zhu and Yang’s view that mind is something that the heart shows.He intended to correct the arbitrary ideological malady caused by understanding ideas from the perspective that has already occurred,which shows the academic characteristics of adopting both Sinology and Song Studies,thus distinguishing himself from Cheng-Zhu.This approach shed light on academic history.It embraced and boosted the academic trend of returning to the original classics in the early Qing Dynasty;It made up for the deficiency that Yan Yuan’s interpretation of Da Xue abandoned exegesis;It enriched and expanded the annotation dimension and significance of Da Xue from the perspective of real learning.

关 键 词：李塨 《大学辨业》 格物 诚意 朱子 

分 类 号：B222.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]