在风险社会中看理性知识与经验知识  

Rational Knowledge and Experiential Knowledge in Risk Society

作　　者：张康之 Zhang Kangzhi(School of Public Administration,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学公共管理学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2022年第6期69-79,共11页Academic Journal of Jinyang

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划领军人才项目“风险社会中的公共治理模式和策略选择”(项目编号:22YJC06ZD)。

摘　　要：科学认识是知识生产的过程,但其生产出来的只是理性知识。其实,人类的知识具有多样性,理性知识在工业社会这个历史阶段中,表现出了对其他知识的排斥。不仅如此,理性知识也获得了实践上的话语权,要求实践中的所有行动方案都基于理性知识而做出设计。这样做,在工业社会中是成功的,但在人类陷入风险社会后,却应改弦易辙。在风险社会及其高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下,应当承认各种类型的知识存在上的合理性,倡导知识的包容性品质,特别是对于经验知识,应当给予更多的重视。这是因为,风险社会及其高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下的合作行动是及时响应的行动,不仅所面对的是全新的问题,而且更多地受到了时间限制,即表现为即时行动,需要得到经验知识的支持。Scientific understanding is a process of knowledge production,but it only produces rational knowledge.In fact,human knowledge has diversity,rational knowledge in the industrial society in this historical stage,shows the exclusion of other knowledge.Not only that,but rational knowledge also gets the right to speak in practice,requiring all action plans in practice to be designed based on rational knowledge.This is successful in the industrial society,but it should be changed after human beings fall into the risk society.In the risk society with its high complexity and uncertainty,the rationality of various types of knowledge should be recognized and the inclusive quality of knowledge should be advocated,especially for experiential knowledge,which should be paid more attention.This is because cooperative actions in the risk society and its highly complex and highly uncertain conditions are timely response actions,which not only face brand new problems,but also are more limited by time,that is,they are immediate actions and need to be supported by empirical knowledge.

关 键 词：风险社会 理性知识 经验知识 科学认识 合作行动 

分 类 号：B023.2[哲学宗教—哲学理论]