再探藏文字史上的三次厘定及其年代  

Re-exploring the Three Norms in the History of Tibetan Characters and Their Ages

作　　者：桑杰措 才项南杰 Sangs-rGyas-mTsho;Tshe-dBang-rNam-rGyal(Department of Language and Social Sciences,Lhasa Teachers College;Institute of Tibetan Ancient Books,Tibet University)

机构地区：[1]拉萨师范高等专科学校语文和社会科学系 [2]西藏大学藏文古籍研究所

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（藏文版）》2022年第2期116-123,共8页Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)

摘　　要：据藏文史籍记载,藏文在历史上曾进行过三次较大规模的厘定与规范,但对于厘定内容、厘定具体时间等详尽记录的文献却极为鲜见,因此研究者各执己见,始终没能形成统一的学术观点。通过深入研究史书等传世文献,认为赞普赤松德赞执政时期的厘定,是藏文首次厘定时期。这次厘定中对已完成的部分译本进行再次审校,废弃达不到标准的译本,组织重新翻译和审定此类译本;通过多种史料的比较分析,第二次厘定时的译审仍为易希德,而非噶瓦白则。因此,赞普赤德颂赞执政初期完成的厘定,为第二次厘定;第三次厘定是从大译师仁钦桑布开始至16世纪,此可从当时遗留的文献中得以证实。从现存吐蕃时期的文献看,藏文字在赞普王朝时期经历过两次大的厘定,还出现过一些小规模的文字规范活动,这些厘定内容可从赞普赤德松赞至赤热巴巾执政初期的文献资料进行对比研究中得到进一步佐证。文字厘定年代和内容的明确,不仅对研究藏文字的发展史,而且对研究文献发展史等都具有重大的意义。According to Tibetan historical records,Tibetan language has undergone three large-scale standardizations in history,but documents detailing the content and specific time of the norms are extremely rare,therefore,researchers hold their own opinions and have never been able to form a unified academic viewpoint.Through in-depth study of historical books and other documents,this paper argues that the norm during the reign of bTsan-Po Khri-Srong-lDe-bTsan was the first normative period of Tibetan language;the specification completed in the early period of Khri-lDe-Srong-bTsan’s reign is the second specification;the third specification started from the great translator Rin-Chen-bZang-Po and gradually ended in the 16th century.According to the existing documents of the Tubo period,Tibetan writing has experienced two large-scale standardization during the bTsan-Po Dynasty,and there have also been some small-scale writing standardization activities,these normative contents are further corroborated by the comparative study of the documents from the early days of Khri-lDe-Srong-bTsan to Khri-Ral-Pa-Can’s reign.

关 键 词：藏文字厘定 厘定年代 文字规范 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]