马克思的历史哲学:在康德与黑格尔之间  

Marx’s Historical Philosophy:Between Kant and Hegel

作　　者：龙霞[1] Long Xia

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所暨哲学系

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2022年第6期36-44,共9页Social Science Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA019)。

摘　　要：马克思的历史哲学究竟是康德式的,抑或是黑格尔式的?学界对于这项思想史的议题长期莫衷一是。然而,关于这一问题的立场却关系到我们在什么意义上理解马克思的历史哲学。从马克思与二者之间的内在思想关联来分析,马克思的历史哲学既非康德式的,也非黑格尔式的。究其本质,它乃是在康德与黑格尔“之间”的一种新的历史哲学形态。一方面,马克思历史哲学与康德历史哲学之间既葆有同一又存在差异——二者均保持了理想与现实之间的张力与鸿沟,但又由“存在论”之差异引发了历史目的之“超越性”意涵的不同。马克思与康德之间的“差异”,构成了与黑格尔之间的“同一”或向黑格尔的“返回”。另一方面,马克思历史哲学与黑格尔历史哲学之间同样既葆有同一又存在差异——二者均保留了辩证法,但马克思辩证法所立足的“实在主体”彻底告别了黑格尔辩证法的观念论哲学前提,也因此告别了黑格尔的历史目的论。而马克思与黑格尔之间的“差异”,也再度构成了与康德之间的“同一”或向康德的“返回”。正是这种复杂的张力性关联,喻示出马克思历史哲学乃是介于康德与黑格尔之间的一种“新”的历史哲学形态。Is Marx’s historical philosophy Kantian or Hegelian?The issue in the history of thought has long been controversial.However,the position on this issue involves in what sense we understand Marx’s historical philosophy.From the perspective of the internal ideological relationship between Marx and the two philosophers,Marx’s historical philosophy is neither Kantian nor Hegelian.In essence,it is a new form of historical philosophy between Kant and Hegel.On the one hand,there are similarities and differences between Marx’s historical philosophy and Kant’s historical philosophy in that both of them maintain the tension and gap between ideal and reality,but the difference of“ontology”leads to the difference in the meaning of“transcendence”of historical purposes.The“difference”between Marx and Kant constitutes the“identity”with Hegel or the“return”to Hegel.On the other hand,both Marx’s philosophy of history and Hegel’s philosophy of history maintain the same identity and have differences,namely,both retain dialectics but the“real subject”on which Marx’s dialectics is based completely bids farewell to the philosophical premise of Hegel’s dialectics and consequently bids farewell to Hegel’s historical teleology.The“difference”between Marx and Hegel also constitutes the“identity”with Kant or the“return”to Kant again.It is this complex tension connection that indicates that Marx’s historical philosophy is a“new”form of historical philosophy between Kant and Hegel.

关 键 词：马克思的历史哲学 辩证法 存在论 历史目的论 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]