儒家伦理学话语体系中的道德规范与责任伦理  

Moral Norms and Responsibility Ethics in the Discourse System of Confucian Ethics

作　　者：涂可国 Tu Keguo

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《中州学刊》2022年第11期105-114,共10页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中西伦理学比较视域中的儒家责任伦理思想研究”(14BZX046);曲阜师范大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新项目“域外儒学研究”(2021RXTD005)。

摘　　要：儒家常常根据人性情势、历史传统、风俗习惯、价值取向和社会状况等构想道德规范,由此阐发了极为丰富的道德规范学说。儒家阐释的道德规范大体可以概括为三个方面:一是由道德范畴所彰显出来的道德规范,二是由道德判断所体现的道德规范,三是由“礼”所表征的道德规范。这三类规范分别对各个、各类处于社会关系体系中的主体规定着相应的道德责任和道德义务。儒家道德规范之中的“三纲”可以分为“纲常”之“三纲”和“纲纪”之“三纲”两种类别,而“纲常”之“三纲”不仅绝无单向义务之旨趣,本身并非主张绝对服从的义务,而且由“三纲”所规定的道德责任的优先性随时应变,由“三纲”所呈现的责任义务具有具体的普遍性。Confucians often formulate moral norms based on human nature,historical traditions,customs,values,and social conditions.From this,a very rich moral code theory has been expounded.The moral norms interpreted by Confucians can be mainly summarized into three aspects.The first is the moral standard manifested by the moral category,the second is the moral standard embodied by the moral judgment,and the third is the moral standard represented by the“Ritual”.These three types of norms stipulate corresponding moral responsibilities and moral obligations for each and every type of subjects in the social relationship system.The“three cardinal guides”in the Confucian moral code can be divided into two categories:the three cardinal guides of“Gangchang”and the three cardinal guides of“Gangji”.The three cardinal guides of Gangchang not only do not have the purpose of one-way obligation,but also do not advocate absolute obedience.In addition,the priority of moral responsibility stipulated by the three cardinal guides changes with the change of the environment,and the responsibility and obligation presented from the three cardinal guides has specific universality.

关 键 词：儒家 道德 规范 责任 伦理 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]