牙龈色素沉着治疗的研究进展  

Research progress on the treatment of gingival pigmentation

作　　者：邱江珊 申道南 丁一[1] QIU Jiangshan;SHEN Daonan;DING Yi(State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,Department of Periodontics,West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院牙周科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2023年第3期202-206,共5页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82071121)。

摘　　要：牙龈色素沉着是一种非菌斑性牙龈疾病。患者常因牙龈颜色问题而害怕与人交流,影响正常社交和心理健康。牙龈色素常用的治疗方法包括手术刀切除、牙龈磨除、激光治疗、冷冻外科和电外科。本文从出血、疼痛、组织愈合和再着色方面对牙龈色素沉着治疗的进展进行综述,比较各治疗方法的效果,综述结果表明激光治疗的临床效果更好,其中,半导体激光在减少出血、疼痛和降低再着色率方面更有优势,而Er:Cr:YSSG/Er:YAG激光在促进组织愈合方面表现更佳,临床医生可根据实际情况选择使用的激光种类。针对薄龈生物型患者,可选择游离龈移植或替代材料来恢复牙龈形态。随着黑色素调控机制的深入研究,各种药物如抗坏血酸、天然肽、合成肽以及衍生物等可能是未来治疗牙龈色素沉着的主要研究方向。Gingival pigmentation is a nonplaque gum disease. Patients are often afraid to communicate with others because of gum color problems, which affect the social and mental health of patients. The commonly used treatment methods for gingival pigmentation include scalpel excision, gingival grinding, laser therapy, cryosurgery and electrosurgery. In this paper, the progress of gingival pigmentation treatment was reviewed in terms of bleeding, pain, tissue healing and recoloring. The results showed that the clinical effect of laser treatment was better. Among them, the semiconductor laser had more advantages in reducing bleeding, pain and the restaining rate, while the Er:Cr:YSSG/Er:YAG laser performed better for promoting tissue healing. Clinicians can choose the best kind of laser to use according to the actual situation.For patients with thin gingival biotypes, floating gingival transplantation or substitute materials can be selected to restore the gingival morphology. With the in-depth study of melanin regulation mechanisms, various drugs, such as ascorbic acid, natural peptides, synthetic peptides and derivatives, may be the main research direction for the treatment of gingival pigmentation in the future.

关 键 词：牙龈色素沉着 黑色素 手术刀 牙龈磨除 激光 再着色 出血 疼痛 冷冻外科 电外科 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]