近代以来中国大学培养竞技体育后备人才的历程及新时代体教融合路径  

Course of Cultivating Competitive Sports Reserve Talents in Chinese Universities Since Modern Times and the Integration Path of Sports and Education in the New Era

作　　者：刘波 毕金泽 LIU Bo;BI Jinze(Department of Physical Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学体育部,北京100084

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2022年第6期611-619,640,共10页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目——新时代中国特色竞技体育人才培养模式研究(20ATY009)。

摘　　要：竞技体育是体育强国建设的组成部分,大学是我国竞技体育后备人才培养的重要阵地。从大学竞技体育百余年发展史来看,大学在不同历史时期承担了竞技体育改革的不同任务,产生了锦标主义、体教分离等一些问题,但是由此也实现了由体教结合向体教融合的渐进转变。中华人民共和国成立之前,大学是中国竞技体育后备人才培养的主要场所,受锦标主义影响出现的选手制对当时大学竞技体育的发展产生了不良影响。新中国成立至二十世纪七十年代,高等院校院系调整后重构了大学竞技体育的发展路径,即体育院校与普通高等学校(不包括体育院校)并行培养高水平运动员,随之产生了体教分离的问题;二十世纪八十年代以来,体育院校以“三结合”为办学思想培养竞技体育后备人才,普通高等学校通过建设高水运动队探索体教结合的竞技体育后备人才培养途径。进入新时代后,一部分大学将体育工作全面融入体育强国建设中,以全面育人为理念,探索体教融合的竞技体育后备人才培养路径。在深化体教融合、探索竞技体育后备人才培养的多元化路径背景下,一些运动项目的后备人才培养必然会逐步回归到大学。Competitive sport is an integral part of the construction of a sports power,and universities are the fronts for the cultivation of competitive sports reserve talents in China.From the development history of c collegiate competitive sports for more than a hundred years,universities have undertaken different tasks in the reform of competitive sports in different historical periods,resulting in some problems such as championshipism and separation of sports and education.However,the gradual transformation from the combination of sports and education to the integration of sports and education has also been achieved.Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China,colleges and universities were the main places for cultivating competitive sports reserve talents in China,and the system under the dominance of championshipism had a negative impact on the development of collegiate competitive sports at that time.After the founding of the People's Republic of China to the 1970s,the adjustment movement of colleges and universities reconstructed the development path of collegiate competitive sports,that is,sports universities and ordinary universities(excluding sports colleges and universities)trained high-level athletes in parallel,which led to the problem of the separation of sports and education;upon entering the 1980s,sport universities have adopted the“three-in-one”idea to cultivate competitive sports reserve talents,while the ordinary universities have explored the cultivation of competitive sports reserve talents through the construction of high-level sports teams.After entering the new era,some colleges and universities have fully integrated sports work into the construction of a sports power,and explored the training path of competitive sports reserve talents with the concept of“educate people in an all-round way”.Under the background of deepening of the integration of sports and education and exploring the multiple ways to cultivate reserve talents for competitive sports,the training of reserve talents

关 键 词：大学竞技体育 竞技体育后备人才 体教结合 全面育人 体教融合 

分 类 号：G80-053[文化科学—运动人体科学]