开阖排宕,抑扬纵横——论杜甫排律的诗法  

Unrestrained And Rhythmic——Research on the Poetic Methods of Du Fu’s Pailyu Poems

作　　者：徐婉琦 沈文凡[2] Xu Wanqi;Shen Wenfan(School of Literature,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;School of Literature,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学文学院,山东青岛266071 [2]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期136-141,共6页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“唐宋韵文东亚接受文献缉考与研究”(项目编号:20AZW008);国家社会科学基金重大项目“东亚词学文献整理与研究”(项目编号:20&ZD275)。

摘　　要：杜甫排律在诗歌史上占据冠冕地位。诗人自觉精研声律规范,重视诗法,突出体现在作品篇章句法的布置锤炼,用韵炼句等方面。第一,作品章法层次铺陈排宕,起伏开阖,结构纵横,对“过脉”的处理巧妙自然,构架连贯,脉络清晰。第二,以古诗之法进行长篇律体创作,在兼顾律诗句法骈俪与整饬的基础上,以铺陈排比的方式展开叙述,运古入律,以骈偶律句铺排事件,起结有致,转折自然。诗人充分利用排律诗体铺陈排比的艺术特质发挥叙事功能,营造画面感。兼顾古体疏宕与律体整密,篇章节奏变化回环,顺逆互照,严整有法。第三,注重律体作品的韵脚选择及句法锤炼,长篇排律往往一韵到底,履险如平,既能保持句式整齐,骈俪精工,又能使句法、对仗形式灵活多变。杜甫排律在初盛唐基础上开拓诗法,为后代创作导夫先路,立乎范式,示以津逮。Du Fu’s Pailyu poems occupy a crowningposition in the history of poetry.Heintensively studied norms oftonal and rhythmical patterns,attached importance to poetic methods,and all these prominently embodied in aspects such as arrangement and polishing in textual components,and rhymingand sentential refining.First,his poems are unrestrained in art of composition and arrangement of ideas,with profound opening and ending,and great ease in structure;being skillful and natural in the handling of transitional lines,coherent in the whole frame,and clear in thread of thoughts.Second,He used ancient poetic methods in his creation of long Lyu poems,with due attention to sentential parallelism and neatness,used elaboration and parallelism in narration,applied the ancient into his Lyu poems,arranged the narration in parallel sentences of Lyu poems with appealing opening and ending and natural transition.He made most of the arrangement and parallelism of Pailyu poetic style to give a full play of the narrative function,has created profound images.He balanced the unrestrainedness of ancient poems and the neatness of Lyu poems,the organization showed changeable and winding rhythm,correspondence of natural course and reverse one,and neatness and logic.Third,he paid great attention to rhyme selection and sentential refining in his Lyu poems,one rhyme goes through the whole long Pailyu poem,handled a crisis without difficulty,showed flexibility in sentence and parallel forms while attaching importance to the selection of rhyme and sentential refining.Du Fu’s Pailyu poems have pioneered poetic methods on the base of achievements in the beginning and prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty,blazed a trail,established a new paradigm,and offered a leading role for the coming poetic creation.

关 键 词：杜甫 排律 诗法 开阖排宕 运古入律 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]