重庆市925名机械制造业女工职业压力现状及影响因素分析  

Status quo and influencing factors of occupational stress of 925 female workers in machinery manufacturing industry in Chongqing

作　　者：金楠[1] 俞文兰[2] 于常艳[2] 赵奇[1] 黄锐 饶华坤 袁方[1] 邱翠娟 JIN Nan;YU Wenlan;YU Changyan;ZHAO Qi;HUANG Rui;RAO Huakun;YUAN Fang;QIU Cuijuan(Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400042,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;School of Public Health and Management,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [3]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,重庆400016

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2022年第5期560-564,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BRK038);重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2020FYYX088)。

摘　　要：目的 分析重庆市机械制造业女工职业压力现状及影响因素,促进女性职工身心健康。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,选取重庆市两家机械制造业的925名女工为研究对象,使用中国疾病预防控制中心编制的《女工职业健康专项调查问卷》调查其职业压力状况,采用多元线性回归方法来分析其职业压力的主要影响因素。结果 被调查的925名女工中有843人(占91.1%)存在一定程度的职业压力,其中有轻度职业压力641人(占69.3%),中度职业压力196人(占21.2%),重度职业压力6人(占0.7%)。多元线性回归分析结果显示:分别相比初中及以下文化程度、年收入<3万元、工龄<10年、长时间站立的女工,文化程度为高中或中专、个人年收入大于10万、工龄在10~20年和可随意调整工作体位的女工职业压力得分较低(β=-0.690~-5.583,P <0.01);相比白班作业,工作形式为夜班的女工职业压力得分相对较高(β=0.752,P <0.05)。结论 机械制造业女工普遍存在一定程度的职业压力,相关部门应当做好企业监管,创造良好的工作环境和社会支持环境,提高职业待遇,有效缓解机械制造业女工的职业压力。Objective To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of female workers ’ occupational stress in machinery manufacturing industry in Chongqing,so as to promote their physical and mental health. Methods A total of 925 female workers in two machinery manufacturing industries in Chongqing were studied. The occupational stress status was investigated by using the special questionnaire on occupational health of female workers compiled by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The main influencing factors of occupational stress were analyzed by multiple linear regression method. Results Among 925 female workers surveyed,843(91.1%) had some degree of occupational stress,of which 641 had light occupational stress(accounting for 69.3%),196 had mild occupational stress(accounting for 21.2%),and 6workers had severe occupational stress(accounting for 0.7%). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that compared with the female workers with junior high school or below education,annual income < 30 000 yuan,working time < 10 years or standing for a long time,the female workers with high school or technical secondary school education,personal annual income > 100 000,working time of 10-20 years and adjustable working position had lower occupational stress scores(β =-0.690--5.583,P < 0.01);compared with female workers with day shift work,the female workers who work in the form of night shift had relatively higher occupational stress scores(β = 0.752,P < 0.05). Conclusions There was a certain degree of occupational stress among female workers in the machinery manufacturing industry. The relevant departments should do a good job in enterprise supervision,create a good working environment and social support environment,improve the working benefits,and effectively relieve the occupational stress of female workers in the machinery manufacturing industry.

关 键 词：机械制造业 女工 职业压力 影响因素 

分 类 号：X191[环境科学与工程—环境科学]