我国海水贝类养殖低碳效应评价  

Assessment of low carbon effect of marine shellfish culture in China

作　　者：孙立伟 杨创业[3] 冯景春[1,2] 张偲 曾新阳 SUN Liwei;YANG Chuangye;FENG Jingchun;ZHANG Si;ZENG Xinyang(Research Centre of Ecology&Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea,Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering,Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学滨海与深海生态环境研究中心,广东广州510006 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [3]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《海洋通报》2022年第5期593-600,共8页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42022046);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0401,GML2019ZD0403);国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0502300)。

摘　　要：食物生产系统的碳排放占人类活动碳排放总量的30%,碳汇渔业是一种重要的面向人类社会高质量食物蛋白质供给的低碳发展路径。本文基于常见的11种养殖贝类的固碳系数和蛋白质含量特性研究,系统评估了我国2019年养殖牡蛎、蛤类、扇贝、贻贝和蚶类等在养殖周期内碳捕集特性以及对低碳发展的贡献。研究表明:(1)11种养殖贝类之间贝壳和软体组织含碳量的差异并不明显,但干重比和出肉率差异显著。因此,贝类固碳量核算不能忽视种类差异。(2)所选11种贝类软体组织皆属于高蛋白食品,虾夷扇贝软体组织(干重)的蛋白质含量最高。针对单位质量贝类养殖,长牡蛎的碳封存贡献度最大,而华贵栉孔扇贝提供的蛋白质最多,两者都是碳汇渔业的优势种。(3)据估算,我国2019年海水养殖贝类中牡蛎、蛤类、扇贝和蚶类总共吸收固定了约117.98万吨CO,提供了40.65万吨蛋白质。这些蛋白质相比于牛肉源蛋白质可减少4048.74万吨CO当量的排放量。由于贝类固碳强度大,探索低碳可持续的贝类养殖是绿色渔业经济的重要引擎,也是建立可持续高质量“蓝色粮仓”和生物固碳的重要路径,将在我国低碳产业发展中发挥重要作用。Food production system accounts for 30% of carbon emissions from human activities. Carbon sink fishery is an important low-carbon development way to provide high quality protein food for human. Based on the carbon sequestration coefficient and protein content of 11 common farmed bivalve shellfish, this study systematically evaluated the carbon capture characteristics and contribution to low-carbon development of farmed oysters, clams, scallops, mussels and cockles in 2019in China. The results showed that:(1) There was no significant difference in carbon content in shell and soft tissues among 11species, but the dry weight ratio and meat yield have significant variance. Therefore, differences between species cannot be ignored when calculating the carbon sequestration of farmed shellfish.(2) The 11 selected shellfish all could be taken as high protein food, and the protein content in soft tissue(dry weight) of Mizuhopecten yessoensis was the highest. For per kg of farmed shellfish, the Crassostrea gigas contributes the most to carbon sequestration, while Mimachlamys nobilis provides the most protein, both of which showed advantages in carbon sink fishery. Crassostrea hongkongensis, however, was inferior to other shellfish in carbon sequestration capacity, carbon sequestration efficiency, protein production capacity and efficiency. Thus,it could be considered as an inferior breed in the view of carbon sink fishery.(3) It is estimated that oysters, clams, scallops,and cockles could absorbed and sequestrate about 1.18 million tons of COand provided 0.41 million tons of high-quality protein in China in 2019. These proteins could save about 40.5 million tons of CO-equivalent emissions compared to beef derived proteins. Given that shellfish has a high capacity in carbon sequestration, exploring low-carbon and sustainable shellfish farming is an important engine of green fishery economy. Meanwhile, it is an important way to establish sustainable high-quality "blue granary" and biological carbon sequestration. So, marine s

关 键 词：低碳食物 贝类碳汇 固碳系数 蛋白质含量 碳足迹 

分 类 号：P745[天文地球—海洋生物学] S937.3[天文地球—海洋科学]