认罪认罚从宽制度与企业合规改革视角下逮捕筹码化的警惕与防范  

Vigilance and Prevention of Arrest Bargaining from the Perspective of the System of Leniency on Admission of Guilty and Acceptance of Punishment and the Reform of Corporate Compliance

作　　者：陈卫东 Chen Weidong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《政法论坛》2022年第6期81-93,共13页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“健全支持民营经济发展的刑事法治研究”(2020010318)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：认罪认罚从宽制度和企业合规改革在一些地方实践中遭遇“逮捕筹码化”问题,集中表现为:泛化地认定社会危险性评价因素,致使逮捕诉讼保全功能边缘化;衍生出“附条件不逮捕”“协商性逮捕”的异化样态,违背逮捕规律和法律规定;激励机制被“反向适用”,影响认罪认罚和企业合规自主性。问题成因可归纳为:实体惩罚主义思维固化、检察改革面临职能转型压力、逮捕心证标准过于宽泛。对此,须引起足够重视并做出两方面努力:一是“纠偏”,即正确审视社会危险性评价因素、禁止在法律框架外增设强制措施适用条件、完善社会危险性审查机制;二是“释压”,摒弃强制措施从宽的立论,奉行实体性从宽的激励思路,重点包括完善量刑从宽机制和附条件不起诉制度。The system of leniency on admission of guilty and acceptance of punishment and the reform of corporate compliance have encountered the problem of“arrest bargaining”in practice,which is mainly manifested as:the generalized identification of social risk evaluation factors leads to the marginalization of the preservation function of arrest litigation;The alienation of“conditional non-arrest”and“negotiated arrest”is derived,which violates the arrest law and legal provisions;The incentive mechanism is“inversely applied”,which oppresses the the autonomy of the admission of guilty and acceptance of punishment and corporate compliance.The causes of the problems can be summarized as follows:the thinking of substantive punishment is solidifi ed,the procuratorial reform is facing the pressure of functional transformation,and the standard of arrest warrant is too broad.In this regard,two ef forts have to be made:one is“correction”,that is,correctly examine the social risk evaluation factors,prohibit the addition of the application conditions of coercive measures outside the legal framework,and improve the social risk review mechanism;The second is to“relieve pressure”,abandon the argument of leniency in coercive measures and pursue the incentive idea of substantive leniency,focusing on improving the sentencing leniency mechanism and conditional nonprosecution system.

关 键 词：逮捕制度 筹码化 认罪认罚从宽 企业合规 社会危险性审查 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]