肉牛发酵床垫料碳氮及微生物群落变化初探  

Analysis of carbon,nitrogen and bacterial diversity in the microbial fermentation bed for beef cattle

作　　者：贺芳 王巍[1] 石溢 甘伟 方东辉[1] 甘佳[1] 邓小东[1] 阿果约达 王义鹏 易军[1] HE Fang;WANG Wei;SHI Yi;GAN Wei;FANG Donghui;GAN Jia;DENG Xiaodong;AGUO Yueda;WANG Yipeng;YI Jun(Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics/Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dazhou 635000,China;Sichuan Research&Design Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省畜牧科学研究院/动物遗传育种四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066 [2]达州市农业科学研究院,四川达州635000 [3]四川省农业机械研究设计院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2022年第11期36-43,共8页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0001);四川肉牛创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2022-13)。

摘　　要：试验以短期小容积的模拟发酵床为对象,利用16S rRNA宏基因组技术揭示肉牛发酵床垫料的细菌组成变化及与垫料理化性质的相关性。结果显示:整个试验床体中心温度由最高温度56℃逐渐下降到41℃;床体垫料总氮和总磷的含量在T3期(发酵第45天)显著增加(P<0.05),总碳和硝态氮的含量在T1期(发酵第15天)达到最高(P<0.05)。T0至T3期床体微生物主要以变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门为主,其中变形菌门丰度T0至T3期由31.5%增加至39.6%;放线菌门在T0期丰度显著高于其他3个时期(P<0.05);厚壁菌门丰度T1期显著低于T0和T2期(发酵第30天)(P<0.05)。在属水平上,优势菌群主要有嗜蛋白菌属、索氏菌属、发酵单胞菌属、链霉菌属等,其中假单胞菌属、链霉菌属T0期显著高于其他3个时期(P<0.05);T0、T1和T2期的嗜蛋白菌属和索氏菌属丰度显著低于T3期(P<0.05)。基于SPearman相关性分析和RAD分析结果,嗜蛋白菌属可以作为床体发酵效果减弱的指示微生物,碳氮比(CN)是影响床体细菌群落的第一因子。该研究初步探索了夏季高温高湿条件下发酵床养肉牛的可行性,为发酵床牛粪的生物降解提供理论依据,为垫料的维护及提高粪便原位转化效率提供参考。In this study,the 16 S rRNA metagenomic technique was used to reveal the variation of bacterial composition in the microbial fermentation bed for beef cattle and the relationship of the variation with the physicochemical properties of the mattress in the bed.The results showed that the temperature in the center of the fermentation bed could be maintained at over 40℃,and the temperature decreased gradually from 56℃to 41℃during the whole experiment.The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly increased at the T3 stage(P<0.05),and the contents of total carbon and nitrate nitrogen were the highest at the T1 stage(P<0.05).Proteobacteria,actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the main microorganisms in the T0-T3 beds,and the abundance of Proteobacteria increased from 31.5%to 39.6%in the T0-T3 beds.The abundance of actinomycetes at the T0 stage was significantly higher than that at other three stages(P<0.05).Firmicutes abundance at the T1 stage was significantly lower than that at the T0 and T2 stages(P<0.05).At the genus level,the dominant flora mainly included Proteophilia,Soxhthora,Fermentomonas and Streptomyces,among which the T0 stages of Pseudomonas and Streptomyces were significantly higher than the other three stages(P<0.05).The abundance of Proteophil and Soxelia in the T0,T1 and T2 stages was significantly lower than that in the T3 stage(P<0.05).Based on the SPearman correlation analysis and RAD analysis,Proteophils could be used as indicators of the weakening of fermentation effect,and CN was the first factor affecting the bacterial community.This study preliminarily explored the feasibility of raising beef cattle in the fermentation bed under high temperature and humidity in summer,which provided theoretical basis for biodegradation of fermentation-bed cow dung,and offered reference for maintenance of bedding materials and for improvement of fecal in-situ conversion efficiency.

关 键 词：牛粪发酵床 微生物多样性 16S rRNA 碳氮变化 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]