不同种植和管理方式对油莎豆叶片性状及地上地下生物量的影响  

Effects of planting and management modes on leaf characteristics and aboveground and belowground biomass of tigernut(Cyperus esculentus L.)

作　　者：王聪 马锐骜 王斌 顾柏滔 冯雪[1] 刘贺永[1] 李慧[1] 姜勇[1] WANG Cong;MA Rui-ao;WANG Bin;GU Bai-tao;FENG Xue;LIU He-yong;LI Hui;JIANG Yong(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Science,Shenyang Liaoning 110016;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第10期104-110,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0507601-03);辽宁省博士科研启动基金计划项目(2021-BS-017)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同肥料种类及耕作方式对油莎豆地上茎叶和地下块茎生物量的影响,设置施用普通化肥、缓释化肥、有机肥以及翻耕和免耕两种耕作方式田间试验。结果表明:与不施肥对照相比,施用普通化肥、缓释化肥和有机肥显著提高了油莎豆地上茎叶长度,增幅达20.29%~46.63%,其中普通化肥的效应最为显著。但普通化肥和缓释化肥对地下块茎生物量具有负效应,施用有机肥能够提高地下块茎生物量。免耕显著促进叶长和比叶面积,但显著降低地下块茎生物量。翻耕则刚好相反,促进了地下块茎生长,显著提高了块茎生物量。研究结果表明,若以地下块茎收获为目的的经营模式管理,则适合采用翻耕和施用有机肥的田间管理方式;而以地上茎叶收获为目的的经营模式管理,则适合采用免耕和施用化肥的田间管理方式;若注重防风固沙的生态效益,则适宜采用免耕和有机肥相结合的管理方式,既可保证地上和地下生物量的增长,又可减少土壤扰动和风蚀风险。A field experiment was established to examine the effects of fertilization and tillage modes on the aboveground biomass of stems and leaves and the belowground biomass of tubers of tigernut.The experiment included two tillage methods,i.e.,ploughing and no-tillage,and three types of fertilization,i.e.,common chemical fertilizer,slow-release chemical fertilizer,and organic fertilizer.The results showed that the length of aboveground stems and leaves was significantly increased by 20.29%~46.63%under the application of common chemical fertilizer,slow-release chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer,among which the treatment of common chemical fertilizer showed the most significant impacts.The application of chemical fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer had negative effects on the belowground biomass,whereas the application of organic fertilizer increased the belowground biomass.No-tillage significantly promoted leaf length and specific leaf area,but reduced belowground biomass.In contrast,tillage promoted the growth of tubers and significantly increased the yield of tubers.These results suggest that if the management mode aims at harvesting the belowground tubers,it is suitable to adopt the field management of ploughing in combination with organic fertilizer;if the management mode aiming at harvesting the aboveground stems and leaves,it is suitable to adopt the field management of no-tillage in combination with chemical fertilization.The management of no-tillage in combination with organic fertilizer could serve as an ideal management mode that meets the ecological benefits of windbreak and sand fixation,maintaining a higher aboveground and belowground biomass and alleviating the risk of soil erosion by wind.

关 键 词：油莎豆 地上地下生物量 氮肥 有机肥 耕作方式 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]