不同侧深施肥模式对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of different side deep fertilization model on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency

作　　者：白洁瑞 沈家禾 沈鑫 陈爱萍 李勇 徐蕊 陈贵[2] 赵国华[3] BAI Jie-rui;SHEN Jia-he;SHEN Xin;CHEN Ai-ping;LI Yong;XU Rui;CHEN Gui;ZHAO Guo-hua(Jintan Planting Technology Promotion Center in Changzhou City,Changzhou Jiangsu 213200;Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiaxing Zhejiang 314016;College of Biological,Chemical Sciences and Enginerring,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing Zhejiang 314001)

机构地区：[1]常州市金坛区种植业技术推广中心,江苏常州213200 [2]嘉兴市农业科学研究院,浙江嘉兴314016 [3]嘉兴学院生物与化学工程学院,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第10期190-194,230,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：金坛区耕地质量提升项目(2018-2021);嘉兴市产教融合“五个一批项目”(0221022)。

摘　　要：通过4年田间试验,以测土配方撒施模式(SF)为对照,研究比较了侧深施肥减氮模式(CSF)和侧深施肥减氮免施分蘖肥模式(CSM)对水稻产量及构成因素、氮肥利用效率的影响,并分析了茎蘖动态、高光效叶面积和叶片SPAD值的变化特征。结果表明:侧深施肥减氮10.6%能够稳定或增加水稻有效穗数,保障产量,同时能够提高氮肥利用率。CSM与SF处理水稻平均产量基本一致,CSF较SF处理增产5.2%,CSF和CSM处理水稻氮肥表观回收利用率分别比SF处理提高9.4和3.4个百分点。侧深施肥促进分蘖早发,增加茎蘖数,水稻提早5 d达到最大茎蘖数,CSM和CSF处理最大茎蘖数分别比SF处理高8.4%和12.9%。与SF处理相比,CSF处理显著增加开花期顶三叶叶面积,提高倒一叶叶片SPAD值,为后期光合物质累积创造良好物质基础。可见,2种侧深施肥模式均可实现氮肥减量增效,其中CSF模式利于高产,CSM模式较为稳产,适合种植规模大、施肥劳动力紧缺的情况。Through a 4-years field experiment,the effects of three fertilization modes,including nitrogen reduction mode(CSF),mode of nitrogen reduction and no tillering fertilizer(CSM)and mode of broadcast-application formula fertilization by soil testing(SF),on rice yield and its components,nitrogen use efficiency were studied and the stem tiller dynamics and variation characteristics of leaf area with high light efficiency and leaf SPAD value were analyzed,which were closely related with rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed side deep fertilization with reducing nitrogen application by 10.6%either stabilized or increased the number of effective panicles,guaranteed yield and improved nitrogen use efficiency.During the periods of four years,the average yield of CSM treatment reached the same level with SF treatment.CSF treatment increased rice yields by 5.2%compared to SF.Moreover,CSM and CSF treatments significantly increased crop recovery of fertilizer nitrogen by 9.4 and 3.4 percentage points,respectively,compared with SF.Side deep fertilization promoted early tillering,increased the number of stems and tillers,and made the peak seedlings reached 5 days early.The peak seedlings numbers in CSM and CSF treatment were 8.4%and 12.9%higher than that in SF treatment,respectively.CSF significantly increased the top three leaves’areas at flowering stage and increased the SPAD value of flag leaves compared with SF,which created a good material basis for photosynthetic material accumulation at later growth stage.Therefore,both the two fertilization modes can reduce nitrogen fertilizer application,meanwhile increased nitrogen use efficiency,of which CSF mode is conducive to high yield production,and CSM mode is more stable for yield production and is suitable for the situation of large planting scale and shortage of fertilization labor force.

关 键 词：侧深施肥 氮肥减施 产量构成 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]