不同密度和垄沟比对全膜覆盖垄上微沟马铃薯水分利用和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Densities and Ratios of Ridge to Ditch on Water Utilization and Potato Yield Under Mini-ditch Planting with Plastic Mulching in Ridges

作　　者：张小红[1] 曾芳荣[1] 孙叶[2] 姚小凤 刘学彬[1] 武江燕[1] 李艳春 李亚利[1] ZHANG Xiaohong;ZENG Fangrong;SUN Ye;YAO Xiaofeng;LIU Xuebin;WU Jiangyan;LI Yanchun;LI Yali(Huining Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Huining,Gansu 730799,China;Lingtai Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Lingtai,Gansu 744400,China)

机构地区：[1]会宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃会宁730799 [2]灵台县农业技术推广中心,甘肃灵台744400

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2022年第5期413-422,共10页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项(20ZD7NA007)。

摘　　要：优化垄沟比、种植密度可改善土壤水分条件,提高马铃薯产量、水分利用效率和商品薯率。2016~2018年在陇中半干旱区布设了大田定位试验,以‘陇薯10号’为试验材料,设置60000(L)和75000株/hm2(H)2个播种密度;垄宽50 cm、沟宽50 cm(R5D5),垄宽60 cm、沟宽40 cm(R6D4)和垄宽70 cm、沟宽30 cm(R7D3)3个垄沟比,测定了关键生育期0~300 cm土壤含水量和马铃薯产量,计算了生育期贮水量、耗水量、水分利用效率、商品薯率,研究不同密度和垄沟比对全膜覆盖垄上微沟马铃薯水分利用、产量和商品薯率的影响。欠水年(2016年),HR5D5、HR6D4和HR7D33个高密度处理间产量无显著性差异,但均显著高于LR5D5和LR7D3,与LR6D4差异不显著。2016~2018年,LR6D4、HR5D5、HR6D4、HR7D3的水分利用效率显著高于LR5D5和LR7D3;LR5D5、LR6D4和LR7D3的商品薯率显著高于HR5D5、HR6D4和HR7D3。综合考虑,在陇中半干旱区,LR6D4处理即播种密度60000株/hm2配合垄宽60 cm、沟宽40 cm是全膜覆盖垄上微沟马铃薯栽培技术的最佳组合。Optimizations of the ratio of ridge to ditch and plant density are the promising ways to improve soil water conditions,increase crop yield,water use efficiency and potato marketable tuber rate.A three-year(2016 to 2018)field trial was conducted at semi-arid area of Longzhong,using potato cultivar'Longshu 10'as test material.Two plant densities[low density of 60000 plants/ha(L),and high density of 75000 plants/ha(H)]and three ratios of ridge to ditch models[ridge width 50 cm,ditch width 50 cm(R5D5);ridge width 60 cm,ditch width 40 cm(R6D4);and ridge width 70 cm,ditch width 30 cm(R7D3)]were set up as treatments.The soil water contents in the depths of 0-300 cm at key development stages and potato yield were determined,as well as water consumption,soil water storage,water use efficiency and potato marketable tuber rate were calculated,to study the effects of different densities and ratios of ridge to ditch on water utilization,potato yield and marketable tuber rate under mini-ditch planting with plastic mulching in ridges.The yield of HR5D5,HR6D4 and HR7D3,in which no significant difference was found,was significantly higher than that of LR5D5 and LR7D3,but there was no significant difference with LR6D4 in the drought year(2016).In 2016-2018,the water use efficiency of LR6D4,HR5D5,HR6D4 and HR7D3 was significantly higher than that of LR5D5 and LR7D3;the potato marketable tuber rate of LR5D5,LR6D4 and LR7D3 was significantly higher than that of HR5D5,HR6D4 and HR7D3.Therefore,it was the best mode of mini-ditch planting with plastic mulching in ridges by density of 60000 plants/ha and ridge width 60 cm,ditch width 40 cm(LR6D4)in the semi-arid region of Longzhong.

关 键 词：马铃薯 密度 垄沟比 全膜覆盖 产量 水分利用 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]