基于宏基因组与宏转录组分析石化废水生物处理系统脱氮功能菌群  

Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Nitrogen Removal Functional Microbial Community of Petrochemical Wastewater Biological Treatment Systems

作　　者：章旭 周佳佳 周珉 罗西子 严新杰 刘勇弟[1,2,4] 厉巍 ZHANG Xu;ZHOU Jia-jia;ZHOU Min;LUO Xi-zi;YAN Xin-jie;LIU Yong-di;LI Wei(National Engineering Research Center for Harmless Teetment and Resource Uiliation of Industrial W aslewater,School of Resources and Enrirnmental Enginering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;State Eninonmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Asessmenet and Control on Chemical Poess,School of Reoures and Eninmental Enginering,East China Uniesity of Science and Tehnobgy,Shanghai 200237,China;Chemieal Idusral Zone of Shanghai Zhongfa Water Afair Devlopment Limied Company,Shanghai 201400,China;Shanghai lstiute of Pllutio Control and Eeologial Seurity,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心,上海200237 [2]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,国家环境保护化工过程环境风险评价与控制重点实验室,上海200237 [3]上海化学工业区中法水务发展有限公司,上海201400 [4]上海市污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第11期5115-5122,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52170076);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0408202);上海市科学技术委员会启明星计划项目(20QC1400500)。

摘　　要：石化行业是我国的支柱产业,长期以来,石化废水处理一直是水污染治理领域的重难点,阻碍了石化行业高质量可持续的发展.由于石化企业和园区多临河或临海而建,其废水排放易造成流域性或区域性水生态风险,尤其石化废水中的氮素污染,严重威胁了水生态安全及人民群众身体健康.因此,从上海某化工区的某条石化废水A/O脱氮工艺线中采集了污泥样品,通过宏基因组和宏转录组对比分析了出水水质稳定时期与出水水质波动时期的不同污泥中微生物的群落结构,脱氮菌群的功能特征和关键的氮代谢途径.结果表明,工艺的氨氧化功能易波动,而亚氮和硝氮的去除相对稳定.菌群研究发现该A/O工艺主体脱氮途径为硝化-反硝化脱氮途径,未发现工艺内有厌氧氨氧化相关基因片段.体系脱氮关键功能基因中约有90%与反硝化作用相关,只有约0.17%的基因参与了硝化过程中氨氮的转化.进一步研究发现,氨氧化功能菌在工艺中丰度极低且结构单一,主要的氨氧化功能菌属是Nitrosomonas.这可能是工艺线出水氨氮浓度易波动的主要原因.Petrochemicals are one of the pillar industries of China. Despite this, the treatment of petrochemical wastewater has long been seen as a massive challenge in the field of water pollution control, hindering the high-quality and sustainable development of the petrochemical industry. The majority of petrochemical enterprises and zones are located near rivers or seas, so their wastewater discharges can easily cause watershed or regional water ecological risks. Specifically, nitrogen pollution in petrochemical wastewater poses a significant threat to water ecological safety and human health. Sludge samples were collected from a petrochemical wastewater A/O nitrogen removal process line in a chemical industry zone in Shanghai. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic methods were used to analyze the community structure of microorganisms, the functional characteristics of nitrogen removal bacteria, and the key nitrogen metabolism pathways in different sludges during the period when effluent water quality was stable and fluctuating. During the study, it was found that the nitrite and nitrate removal was relatively stable in this process, but ammonia oxidation fluctuated easily. In the study of microbial communities, it was found to be a nitrification-denitrification pathway that primarily removed nitrogen from the A/O process, and no genes related to ANAMMOX were detected. Approximately 90% of the functional genes responsible for removing nitrogen were responsible for denitrification, whereas only 0.17% of them were involved in the conversion of ammonia nitrogen in the nitrification process. Moreover, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the process was extremely low, and the main genus was Nitrosomonas. It is likely that this is the main cause of fluctuations in ammonia nitrogen concentration in effluent due to water quality shocks in the process line.

关 键 词：石化废水 A/O工艺 宏基因 宏转录 脱氮微生物 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]