不同施肥措施对热带地区稻菜轮作体系土壤CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice-Vegetable Rotation in a Tropical Region,China

作　　者：邵晓辉 汤水荣 孟磊[1] 伍延正 李金秋 缑广林 SHAO Xiao-hui;TANG Shui-rong;MENG Lei;WU Yan-zheng;LI Jin-qiu;GOU Guang-lin(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第11期5149-5158,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：海南省高层次人才基金项目(2019RC064);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41807022);海南大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目(KYQD(ZR)1858)。

摘　　要：研究稻菜轮作模式下土壤甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放对不同施肥措施的响应,对补充我国热带地区CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放研究的不足具有重要的指导意义.在辣椒季设置4种施肥处理:磷钾肥(PK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、等氮条件下50%有机肥替代化肥(NPK+M)和100%有机肥替代(M),水稻种植季未设置施肥处理,研究辣椒季不同施肥条件下CH_(4)和N_(2)O的排放规律以及对早稻生长季水稻产量、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的后续影响.采用密闭静态箱-气相色谱法测定稻菜轮作土壤CH_(4)和N_(2)O,同时测定作物产量,并估算全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI).结果表明:①辣椒季和早稻季4种施肥处理下土壤CH_(4)的累积排放量分别为0.9~2.7 kg·hm^(-2)和5.5~8.4 kg·hm^(-2),与NPK处理相比,辣椒季NPK+M和M处理CH_(4)累积排放量分别减少35.3%和7.6%;而早稻季NPK+M和M处理CH_(4)累积排放量均增加37.5%和55.1%,其中早稻季M处理达到显著水平.②辣椒季和早稻季4种施肥处理下N_(2)O的累积排放量分别为0.5~3.0 kg·hm^(-2)和0.3~0.5 kg·hm^(-2),相对NPK处理,辣椒季NPK+M和M处理降低33.7%和16.0%的N_(2)O累积排放量,其中NPK+M处理达到显著差异,早稻季NPK+M处理N_(2)O累积排放量降低23.5%,M处理却增加9.1%,但均未达到显著水平.③4种施肥处理下辣椒和早稻的产量分别为3055.6~37722.5 kg·hm^(-2)和5850.9~6994.4 kg·hm^(-2),与NPK处理相比,NPK+M和M处理显著增加辣椒产量.各施肥处理GWP为508.0~1864.4 kg·hm^(-2),NPK+M和M处理相对NPK处理分别下降25.7%和5.7%,其中NPK+M处理达到显著差异.辣椒季各处理的GWP对总GWP的贡献率为69.2%~78.1%,N_(2)O对总GWP的贡献率为77.3%~85.3%.辣椒季和早稻季GHGI分别为0.03~0.09 kg·kg^(-1)和0.04~0.24 kg·kg^(-1),与NPK处理相比,辣椒季M和NPK+M处理使GHGI显著下降71.5%和54.7%,早稻季NPK+M和M处理GHGI值分别下降44.0%和20.8%,其中NPK+M处理达到显著差异.综合作物产量及温�The study of the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions in rice-vegetable rotation systems is of great significance to supplement the research gap on greenhouse gas emissions in tropical regions of China.In this study,four fertilization treatments were set up during the pepper season:phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application(PK);nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium(NPK)application;half application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium plus half application of organic fertilizer(NPK+M);and application of organic fertilizer(M).There was no fertilizer application during the following early rice season.The objective of our study was to investigate the rules of CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions under different fertilization treatments in the pepper growth season,and the effects of different fertilization treatments in the pepper growth season on rice yield,and CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions in the following early rice growth season.The close static chamber-gas chromatography method was applied to determine soil CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions.We measured crop yield,estimated global warming potential(GWP),and calculated greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI).Our results showed that:①the cumulative CH_(4)emission under the four fertilization treatments ranged between 0.9 kg·hm^(-2)to 2.7 kg·hm^(-2)during the pepper growth season and between 5.5 kg·hm^(-2)to 8.4 kg·hm^(-2)during the early rice growth season.Compared with NPK,NPK+M and M reduced the cumulative CH_(4)emission in the pepper growth season by 35.3%and 7.6%,respectively;however,NPK+M and M increased the cumulative CH_(4)emission in the early rice season by 37.5%and 55.1%,respectively.There was a significant difference in cumulative CH_(4)emission between M and NPK in the early rice growth season.②The cumulative N_(2)O emission under the four fertilization treatments varied from 0.5 kg·hm^(-2)to 3.0 kg·hm^(-2)in the pepper growth season and from 0.3 kg·hm^(-2)to 0.5 kg·hm^(-2)in the early rice grow

关 键 词：固碳减排 全球增温潜势 有机肥替代化肥 稻菜轮作 热带地区 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]