芝麻高效割捆机及其应用效果研究  

Study on High Efficiency Harvesting and Baling Machine of Sesame and Its Application Effect

作　　者：张银萍[1] 汪强[1] 周可金[2] 张祎[1] 赵莉[1] 林勇翔[1] 张付贵 ZHANG Yinping;WANG Qiang;ZHOU Kejin;ZHANG Yi;ZHAO Li;LIN Yongxiang;ZHANG Fugui(Institute of Crops,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei Anhui 230031;College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei Anhui 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2022年第23期135-138,142,共5页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家特色油料作物产业技术体系芝麻机械化岗位专项(CARS-14-1-26);安徽省油料产业技术体系岗位专项。

摘　　要：为提高芝麻分段收割的打捆效率和打捆质量,本研究对适用于芝麻分段收获的改进型圆捆割捆机进行了试验研究,按照芝麻收获的田间作业条件,对关键部件如切割刀、导向罩、收拢装置、打捆装置和供绳盘等结构进行了改进或调整。结果表明:改进后的芝麻割捆机具有3层收拢爪,每两层收拢爪间隔25 cm,打捆的高度距切割部位30~50 cm,打捆直径20~35 cm,成捆率≥97.5%,漏割株率≤0.99%,蒴果脱落率≤0.39%,具有传动流畅、损失率低等特点。该芝麻割捆装置可一次性完成收割和打捆两道工序,作业效率0.2~0.3 hm^(2)/h,减少收割人工成本1800~2250元/hm^(2)。该改进型圆捆割捆机适应性更广,有利于推动我国芝麻机械化收获。In order to improve the baling efficiency and baling quality of sesame segmented harvesting,this study conducted an experimental study on the improved round baling machine suitable for sesame segmented harvesting.According to the field operation conditions of sesame harvesting,the structures of the key components,such as the cutting knife,the guide cover,the folding device,the baling device and the rope supply disc,were improved or adjusted.The results showed that the improved sesame harvesting and baling machine had three layers of retracting claws,with a distance of 25 cm between each two layers of retracting claws.The baling height was 30-50 cm from the cutting position,the baling diameter was 20-35 cm,the baling rate was≥97.5%,the missed cutting plant rate was≤0.99%,and the capsule falling rate was≤0.39%.It had the characteristics of smooth transmission and low loss rate.The sesame harvesting and baling device could complete the two processes of harvesting and baling at one time,the operating efficiency was 0.2-0.3 hm^(2)/h,and the labor cost for harvesting was reduced by 1800-2250 yuan/hm^(2).The improved round baling machine had wider adaptability,and was conducive to promoting the mechanized sesame harvesting in China.

关 键 词：芝麻 机械化 分段收获 割捆机 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]