基于傅里叶变换的便携式木材质量检测仪设计与试验研究  

Design and Experimental Study of Portable Wood Quality Tester Based on Fourier Transform

作　　者：仝缘圆 高玉莹 张凝 白戈 郭丰腾 徐华东[1] TONG Yuan-yuan;GAO yu-ying;ZHANG Ning;BAI Ge;GUO Feng-teng;XU Hua-dong(College of Engineering and Technology,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学工程技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2022年第11期51-55,60,共6页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：大学生创新创业训练项目(202110225198)。

摘　　要：为了增强木材供给能力,有效判断木材质量等级,设计了一种便携式木材质量检测装置。依据纵向共振原理,设计了便携式木材质量检测装置的总体结构和软件系统。硬件部分由外部激励声波传输装置和木材声波信号测试系统组成,声波信号测试系统包括声音信号采集模块、基本参数输入、按键模块、数据库等级评定和液晶LCD显示屏。软件系统将声波接收装置采集的声信号转变为电信号,再根据傅里叶变换原理提取频谱图中的木材固有频率,进而预估木材弹性模量和木材等级。将研制的木材质量检测仪与国外木材等级评价仪(Portable Lumber Grader)进行对比,结果表明:两种设备输出共振频率的平均误差仅为0.68‰,拟合度高。对不同等级木材试验表明:等级输出正确率为90%,进一步验证设备的可靠性。所设计木材质量检测仪结构简单、重量小、操作方便,具有较高的可行性和便携性。In order to enhance the ability of timber supply and judge the grade of timber quality effectively,a portable detecting device for timber quality is designed.According to the longitudinal resonance principle,the overall structure and software system of the portable wood quality detection device are designed.The hardware consists of an external acoustic transmission device and a wood acoustic signal testing system,the acoustic signal testing system includes sound signal acquisition module,basic parameters input module,key module,database grade evaluation and LCD screen.The software converts the acoustic signal collected by the acoustic receiver into an electrical signal,and then extracts the natural frequency of the wood from the spectrum according to the Fourier transform principle,thereby predicting the wood modulus of elasticity and the wood grade.The results show that the average error of the resonance frequency is only 0.68‰,and the fitting degree is high.Tests on different grades of wood show that the correct rate of grade output is 90%,which further validates the reliability of the equipment.The designed wood quality detector has the advantages of simple structure,small weight,convenient operation and high feasibility and portability.

关 键 词：木材 无损检测 声波技术 傅里叶变换 振动法 

分 类 号：TS67[轻工技术与工程]