灭活植物乳杆菌及其代谢物对草鱼生长性能和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum and its metabolites on growth performance and intestinal health of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

作　　者：田娟[1,2] 谢宁宁 肖文富 喻丽娟 汤立[2] 邓桂芳 文华 李雪平[2] TIAN Juan;XIE Ningning;XIAO Wenfu;YU Lijuan;TANG Li;DENG Guifang;WEN Hua;LI Xueping(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Beijing Heswof Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 101399,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [2]北京好实沃生物技术有限公司,北京101399

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第10期1980-1991,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2018YFD0900400);北京好实沃生物技术有限公司产学研合作项目(2021125)。

摘　　要：为了评估不同浓度灭活植物乳杆菌及其代谢物(LPM)对草鱼生长及肠道健康的影响,实验配制4组分别含0(对照组)、300、600和900 mg/kg植物乳杆菌及其代谢物(LPM)的等氮等能饲料,饲喂草鱼幼鱼[初始体质量(80.47±1.04)g]6周,结果显示,草鱼增重率和饲料效率在LPM添加量为300 mg/kg时分别较对照组显著提高19.09%和8.57%。LPM添加组肥满度显著低于对照组,且添加量为900 mg/kg时,脏体比较对照组显著降低18.84%。全鱼粗蛋白质含量、饲料蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率均在添加量为300 mg/kg达到最大值,分别较对照组显著提高4.40%、11.97%和7.64%。LPM添加组肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶活性较对照组显著升高。LPM添加量为600 mg/kg时,草鱼肠道的绒毛数量、绒毛长度和绒毛宽度显著高于对照组。饲料中添加LPM对草鱼肠道菌群的多样性无显著影响。LPM添加量为300 mg/kg时,乳杆菌属和梭菌属的细菌丰度较对照组显著升高。嗜水气单胞菌、诺卡氏菌、副溶血性弧菌对LPM极度敏感。血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量随着LPM添加量的增加而增加。LPM添加组血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性较对照组显著升高。综上,饲料中添加300~600 mg/kg LPM能够抑制有害菌的繁殖,改善肠道功能,调节免疫功能,保障肝胰脏的正常功能,提高饲料蛋白质利用,进而提高草鱼生长性能。Lactobacillus plantarum is defined as beneficial bacteria for produceing lactic acid,short-chain fatty acids,antimicrobial peptides,and other active substances through fermentation,and has probiotic effects such as alleviating oxidative damage to cells,regulating immunity,and promoting growth.However,due to the prolonged high-temperature environment during the processing of aquatic feed,the use of viable bacteria is limited in the field.To investigate the optimal supplementation level of dietary inactivated L.plantarum and its metabolites(LPM)for grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella),fish with initial mean weight of(80.47±1.04)g were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets which were formulated to contain graded LPM levels(0,300,600,900 mg/kg LPM,respectively)for 6 weeks.The results showed that weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the WGR and feed efficiency reached the maximum value when LPM supplemental level was at 300 mg/kg,increasing by 19.09%and 8.57%compared with the control group(P<0.05),respectively.Condition factor in LPM supplemental groups was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the viscerosomatic index was significantly reduced by 18.84%in LPM-900 group compared with that of the control group(P<0.05).The crude protein content in the whole body,protein efficiency rate,and protein deposition rate reached the maximum in LPM-300 group,which were significantly higher compared with those in the control group by 4.40%,11.97%,and 7.64%,respectively(P<0.05).The activities of protease in the liver and intestine of LPM supplemental groups were significantly increased compared with those of the control group(P<0.05).When LPM supplemental level was 600 mg/kg,the number,length,and width of intestinal villi of C.idella were significantly higher,and the thickness of the intestinal wall muscle layer was significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Dietary LPM had no significant effect on the diversity of in

关 键 词：草鱼 灭活植物乳杆菌及其代谢物 肠道健康 生长 蛋白质利用 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]