电离辐射生物标志物γ-H2AX的检测技术研究进展  

Progress in Detection of Ionizing Radiation Biomarkerγ-H2AX

作　　者：刘樱 熊忠华[1] 夏斌元 陈珊 LIU Ying;XIONG Zhong-Hua;XIA Bin-Yuan;CHEN Shan(Institute of Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621907,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院材料研究所,绵阳621907

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2022年第10期1927-1934,共8页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11705170);中国工程物理研究院材料研究所基金(TP02201709,TCSQ2016310)资助项目。

摘　　要：电离辐射可导致DNA双链断裂,从而使组蛋白H2AX迅速在双链断裂处磷酸化为γ-H2AX。检测细胞中γ-H2AX聚集处形成的焦点数目可用于评价DNA双链断裂情况,且与辐射剂量相关。因此,γ-H2AX可作为电离辐射的生物标志物,用来评价电离辐射的致突变能力,亦可作为电离辐射生物剂量计,用于估算个体受照剂量。γ-H2AX检测技术在辐射生物学研究、辐射分子流行病学调查,以及辐射事故应急响应与医学处置等方面具有重要应用价值。本文将重点阐述近十年来国内外基于电离辐射生物标志物γ-H2AX的检测方法研究进展和应用前景。Ionizing radiation can lead to DNA double-strand breaks,resulting in rapid phosphorylation of histone H2AX toγ-H2AX at the location of double-strand breaks.The number of focal points formed atγ-H2AX aggregations in cells can be applied to the evaluation of DNA double-strand breaks,and is correlated with the radiation dose.Therefore,γ-H2AX can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the mutagenicity of ionizing radiation.It can also be used as a biological dosimeter of ionizing radiation to estimate individual exposure dose.Conventional detection methods ofγ-H2AX aggregations include enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA),the fluorescent focus of which can be detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.Through the investigation of literatures in the past ten years,most of the research work focus on the decrease of sample volume,the development of super-resolution microscopy to obtain sharper images ofγ-H2AX aggregations,various image analysis softwares to achieve automation detection and new detection techniques.Research on automation/portable devices is critical to realize point-of-care testing for radiation accident emergency response and medical treatment.In terms of rapid radiation dose estimation and radiation emergency triage,the establishment of a rapid,accurate,portable and automated high-throughputγ-H2AX biological dosimetry is one of the most important research directions.As a biomarker of ionizing radiation in the future,γ-H2AX detection technology has important application value in radiation biology research,radiation molecular epidemiology,radiation accident emergency response and medical treatment.This paper discusses the research progress and application prospect of detection methods based on ionizing radiation biomarkerγ-H2AX.

关 键 词：电离辐射 Γ-H2AX 生物标志物 生物剂量计 

分 类 号：Q691.5[生物学—生物物理学] R394.7[医药卫生—医学遗传学]