不同发育期南丰蜜橘青果中营养及功能成分变化  

Changes of Nutrition and Functional Components in Nanfeng Tangerine Green Fruits at Different Development Stages

作　　者：闵华 李朝智 付晓记 朱建航 幸胜平 熊慧薇 MIN Hua;LI Chao-zhi;FU Xiao-ji(Institute of Agricultural Products Processing,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第22期172-175,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20192BBFL60027);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项项目(JXXTCX201906,JXXTCX202003)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究南丰蜜橘青果发育过程中主要营养和功能成分含量动态变化,比较不同干燥方式下功能活性成分含量的变化。[方法]在南丰蜜橘果实开始发育后的6—10月份于选定的盛果期树取样,烘干后应用高效液相色谱法测定主要药用成分含量;并对摘取青果开展干燥试验,研究不同温度(45、60和75℃)的干燥处理对功能成分含量的影响。[结果]南丰蜜橘中营养和主要药用成分随着果实发育在不断发生动态变化。可滴定酸和总酚在前期较高,可溶性固形物和糖类在后期含量最高;橙皮苷含量6月含量较高,达到38.29 mg/g,7月份持续降低到较低水平,8月份后含量变化不大;柠檬苦素总体趋势是上升的,在10月份含量最高,达到1.30 mg/g;辛弗林含量6月份处于较高水平,达到24.85 mg/g,7月份含量降低,8月和9月份含量变化不大,10月份其含量又持续降低;干燥温度影响药用成分提取效果,75℃提取橙皮苷含量最高,而60℃干燥后的青果中提取更多的柠檬苦素和辛弗林。[结论]南丰蜜橘青果中主要药用成分含量7月份之前含量较高,而该时期正是南丰蜜橘生理落果高峰期,因此南丰蜜橘生理落果非常适合药用加工,是一种具有良好开发价值的资源。[Objective]To study the dynamic changes of main nutrients and functional components contents of Nanfeng tangerine green fruit,and compare the content changes of active ingredients under different drying methods.[Method]In June,July,August,September and October,samples were taken from the full-fruiting trees of Nanfeng tangerine,and the contents of main medicinal components were determined by HPLC after drying.The fruits picked in July and October were dried at different temperatures(45,60 and 75℃),and the contents of medicinal ingredients were determined.[Result]The main medicinal ingredients in Nanfeng tangerine changed dynamically with the development of fruit.Titratable acids and total phenols were higher in the early stage,soluble solids and sugars were the highest in the late stage.The overall change trend of hesperidin content was that the content was high in June,reaching 38.29 mg/g,and decreased to a lower level in July,and the content changed little after August.The content of limonin was the highest in October,reaching 1.30 mg/g.Syneferine content reached the highest level in June,reaching 24.85 mg/g,increased from July to September,and decreased slightly in October.The drying temperature affected the extraction effect of medicinal ingredients.The content of hesperidin was the highest when extracted at 75℃,while air blast drying at 60℃ was beneficial to the extraction of limonin and syneferine from citrus fruit.[Conclusion]The content of main medicinal components in Nanfeng green fruit was high before July,which was the peak of physiological fruit dropping.Therefore,physiological fruit dropping in Nanfeng tangerine was very suitable for medicinal processing,and it was a resource with good development value.

关 键 词：南丰蜜橘 生理落果 营养成分 功能成分 发育期 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]