学校和家庭因素与青少年抑郁的关联性分析  

Correlation analysis of school and family factors on depressive symptoms of adolescents

作　　者：李志娟 钱红丹[1] 周伟杰[1] 吴辉[1] 缪国忠 LI Zhi-juan;QIAN Hong-dan;ZHOU Wei-jie;WU Hui;MIU Guo-zhong(Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu214023,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]无锡市疾病预防控制中心,江苏214023 [2]江阴市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第11期1072-1075,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：江苏省卫生健康委员会办公室江苏省教育厅办公室2020年江苏省学生常见病健康影响因素监测与干预项目(苏卫办疾控[2020]30号);无锡市卫健委面上项目(M202018)。

摘　　要：目的了解2020年无锡市青少年抑郁现状,分析其影响因素,为提高青少年心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取2020年无锡市1872名中学生为调查对象,采用流调中心用抑郁量表评估抑郁症状。结果2020年无锡市1872名青少年共检出有抑郁症状的438名,总检出率为23.4%;初中和高中生有抑郁症状检出率分别为18.3%和28.6%。单因素分析显示,男、女生抑郁症状检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.300,P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高中(OR=1.636,95%CI:1.255~2.133)、隔代家庭(OR=2.222,95%CI:1.418~3.483)、遭受家庭暴力(OR=3.053,95%CI:2.291~4.070)、校园欺凌(OR=6.347,95%CI:2.866~14.058)、有打架行为(OR=1.610,95%CI:1.085~2.391)、睡眠时间<8 h(OR=2.405,95%CI:1.871~3.090)、饮酒(OR=2.032,95%CI:1.557~2.653)的学生发生抑郁症状的风险更高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论抑郁防控需要学校、家长和学生3方面共同应对,加强学生心理疏导、改善不良校园环境、减少生活中负面事件发生及建立良好的家庭关系是减少抑郁症状发生的重要措施。Objective To provide reference for improving the mental health of adolescents in Wuxi by understanding their depression status and corresponding factors.Methods The 1872 middle school students in Wuxi were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method.The depressive symptoms of the adolescents were assessed by Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale.Results In 2020,a total of 1872 middle school students were investigated,and 438 students with depressive symptoms with a total detectable rate of 23.4%in Wuxi were confirmed.The detectable rate of depressive symptoms of junior and senior middle school students was 18.3%and 28.6%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that difference in the detectable rate of depressive symptoms between male and female students wasn′t statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.300,P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that students who were involved in senior middle school(OR=1.636,95%CI:1.255-2.133),generation-skipping family(OR=2.222,95%CI:1.418-3.483),domestic violence(OR=3.053,95%CI:2.291-4.070),school bullying(OR=6.347,95%CI:2.866-14.058),fighting behavior(OR=1.610,95%CI:1.085-2.391),sleep duration<8 hours(OR=2.405,95%CI:1.871-3.090)and alcohol consumption(OR=2.032,95%CI:1.557-2.653)were found to have higher risk of developing depressive symptoms(P<0.05).Conclusion The joint response of school,parents and students is required for depression prevention and control,and the strengthened psychological counseling for students,improved poor campus environment,reduced occurrence of negative events in life and established sound family relationship are considered to be critical measures to reduce the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

关 键 词：抑郁 青少年 心里健康 分析 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]