“逆向选择性监管”何以发生?--基于“双减”落地前后校外培训监管的案例追踪  

Why does"Reverse Selective Regulation"Happen?--Case Tracking Based on Off-Campus Tutoring Regulation before and after the Implementation of"Double Reduction"Policy

作　　者：黄扬 陈天祥[1,2] Huang Yang;Chen Tianxiang(School of Government,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,510275,China;Center for Chinese Public Administration,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院,广州510275 [2]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心,广州510275

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2022年第4期14-27,166,167,共16页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD088)。

摘　　要：在一些监管领域中,监管部门对违规程度较低的目标群体严加监管,对违规程度更高的监管对象却相对宽松,本文将这一现象称为“逆向选择性监管”,并结合对“双减”落地前后校外培训监管的案例追踪,揭示该现象背后的深层逻辑。研究发现:在常规治理阶段,面对任务-资源高度紧张和“弱激励-强约束”的组织情境,监管部门根据监管对象的可识别程度和监管遵从性,将总体任务加以分解,而对象属性的差异也带来了监管成本、惩戒预期和政绩能见度等任务属性的差异。基于对监管任务属性的考量,监管部门采取差异化的监管策略,呈现出“逆向选择”的监管形态;在运动式治理阶段,监管工作的任务-资源匹配度有所改善,激励和约束力度双双强化,随着监管愈发频密和精细,部分监管对象的可识别程度和监管遵从性也得以提升,但由于地方社会情境纷繁复杂,一些对象和消费者基于自利动机形成合谋,可识别程度和监管遵从性不升反降,对象属性的差异化演变也让任务属性发生差异化重塑,并使得“逆向选择性监管”的治理格局得以延续。本文丰富了关于政府监管形态及其产生逻辑的普遍性知识。In some regulatory areas,the regulatory authorities strictly regulate the target groups with low degree of violations,but relatively loose the regulatory objects with higher degree of violations.This phenomenon is called"reverse selective regulation"in this paper.This study reveals the deep logic behind this phenomenon by tracking the cases of off-campus tutoring supervision before and after the implementation of the"double re-duction".The study found that in the conventional governance stage,facing the organizational situation of high task resource tension and"weak incentive strong constraint",the regulatory authorities decompose the overall tasks according to the recognizability and regulatory compliance of the regulatory objects,and the differences in object attributes also lead to the differences in task attributes such as regulatory costs,disciplinary expectations and political performance visibility.Based on the consideration of the attribute of the supervision task,the supervision department adopts differentiated supervision strategies,showing a"reverse selective"regulation form;In the stage of campaign-style governance,the task resource matching degree of supervision work has been improved,and the incentives and constraints have been strengthened.As supervision becomes more frequent and refined,the recognizability and regulatory compliance of some supervision objects have also been improved.However,due to the complexity of local social situations,some objects and consumers conspire based on selfinterest motivation,and the recognizability and regulatory compliance have not increased but decreased,The differentiated evolution of object attributes also makes the task attributes differentiated and reshaped,and makes the governance pattern of"reverse selective regulation"continue.Moreover this paper enriches the universal knowledge about the form of government regulation and its logic.

关 键 词：政府监管 选择性执法 “双减” 校外培训治理 义务教育 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]