不同植物提取物对玉米霉变的影响研究  

Effect of different plant extracts on maize mould

作　　者：朱卫红[1] 黄璐 刘京宝[1] 宇婷 郭国俊[1] ZHU Weihong;HUANG Lu;LIU Jingbao;YU Ting;GUO Guojun(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zengzhou,Henan Province 450008,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《中国饲料》2022年第20期45-48,共4页China Feed

摘　　要：玉米霉变会导致饲料适口性和营养价值下降,并对动物健康造成潜在威胁。目前使用的防霉剂与脱霉剂效果单一,并对饲料适口性存在一定的影响。植物提取物防霉防腐具有颇多研究成果,但由于使用成本高,在饲料生产中的使用受到限制。随着技术发展,植物提取物应用于饲料生产逐渐具有可行性。本研究在玉米中分别添加0.5%的大蒜提取物、甜叶菊提取物、甘草提取物、双乙酸钠,并设置空白组。玉米贮存60d,在第30和60天观察玉米营养成分的变化,并在第15、30、45、60天检测玉米赤霉烯酮、黄霉毒素B_1和呕吐毒素含量,结果表明,大蒜提取物、甜叶菊提取物、甘草提取物对贮存期间水分含量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量的保持具有显著作用;霉菌毒素检测结果显示,3种植物提取物对玉米赤霉烯酮、黄霉毒素B_1及呕吐毒素的产生有显著抑制作用,尽管在60d贮存期内与双乙酸钠存在一定差异,但该类毒素含量并未超过国家标准。综合研究结果表明,0.5%大蒜提取物比甜叶菊提取物、甘草提取物效果更明显,建议在玉米防霉中应用。corn mold can cause a decrease in feed palatability and nutritional value,as well as a potential threat to animal health.The currently used mould control agent has a single effectiveness with the mould control agent,and it also has some influence on feed palatability.Plant extract antimycotic embalming has considerable research achievements,but its use in feed production is limited due to the high use cost.With the development of technology,the application of plant extracts to feed production has gradually become feasible.In this study,a blank group was set up by adding 0.5%garlic extract,stevia extract,liquorice extract,sodium diacetate,respectively,to corn.Aliquots of corn were stored for 60 d,then the changes in nutrient content were observed at 30d and 60d,and aliquots of zearalenone,Xanthotoxin B1 and vomitoxin were examined at 15,30,45 and 60d,the results showed that garlic extract,stevia extract and licorice extract had a significant effect on the retention of moisture content,crude protein and crude fat content during storage;Mycotoxin assays showed that all three plant extracts significantly inhibited the production of zearalenone,Xanthotoxin B1 and vomitoxin,although the values did not exceed national standards within the 60d storage period when compared with naacetate.Taken together,the results of this study suggest that 0.5%garlic extract is more effective than Stevia leaf extract,liquorice extract,which is suggested to be used in corn antimycotic.

关 键 词：植物提取物 玉米 霉菌毒素 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]