多组元Ni/NiO/rGO纳米复合材料的制备及电化学储锂性能  

Synthesis and Electrochemical Lithium Storage Properties of Multicomponent Ni/NiO/rGO Nanocomposites

作　　者：杨文飞 张钟元 张雪 王轶农[1] 郭显娥[2] 董星龙[1] YANG Wenfei;ZHANG Zhongyuan;ZHANG Xue;WANG Yinong;GUO Xian’e;DONG Xinglong(Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser,Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education),School of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China;School of Computer and Network Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院,三束材料改性教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [2]山西大同大学计算机与网络工程学院,山西大同037009

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第23期23-30,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合重点项目(U1908220)。

摘　　要：NiO由于理论容量高(718 mAh·g^(-1))、密度大、安全无污染,被认为是极具潜力的锂离子电池负极材料。然而,低电导率和固有体积膨胀限制了其在储能领域的应用。针对以上问题,本工作使用直流电弧等离子体法制备了Ni纳米粒子,在空气中氧化烧结后获得一维链状Ni/NiO纳米复合材料,将其与还原氧化石墨烯(Reduction graphene oxide,rGO)在无水乙醇溶液中均匀混合,并使用喷雾干燥及焙烧工艺获得了Ni/NiO/rGO纳米复合材料(Nanocomposites,NCs)。一维Ni/NiO纳米链被均匀地担载到二维石墨烯片层结构上,其中Ni、NiO和rGO组元含量分别为2.15%、87.83%和10.02%(质量分数)。Ni/NiO纳米链的一维状结构可有效缓解NiO活性组分在电化学循环过程中的体积膨胀,均匀分布的金属Ni粒子和石墨烯基体为电子输运提供了有利条件,从而提高了Ni/NiO/rGO NCs的电导率。此复合材料电极在0.1 A·g^(-1)电流密度下循环100次后容量保持在1016.8 mAh·g^(-1),表现出优异的电化学循环稳定性能和倍率性能。NiO基纳米材料的结构调控和性能优化为锂离子电池负极材料的多样性提供了可能。Nickel oxide is considered as a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the merits,such as high theoretical capacity(718 mAh·g^(-1)),high density,good safety and environmental friendly.Unfortunately,the application in the field of energy storage is dramatically limited due to its low electrical conductivity and inherent volume variation.In response to the above problems,nickel nanoparticles were prepared by DC(Direct Current)arc discharge plasma method,those were further oxidized and sintered in air to obtain one-dimensional(1D)Ni/NiO nanochains.The as-prepared Ni/NiO nanochains were then uniformly mixed with graphene oxide(GO)in ethanol solution to synthesize Ni/NiO/rGO nanocomposites(NCs)through a spray drying and calcining process.1D Ni/NiO nanochains are uniformly loaded onto the 2D rGO sheets,the mass fractions of Ni,NiO and rGO phases are of 2.15%,87.83%and 10.02%,respectively.The 1D structure of Ni/NiO nanochains can effectively alleviate the volume expansion of active NiO phase during cycling.Meanwhile,the metallic Ni nanoparticles and rGO provide favorable conditions for electron transport,thus raising electrical conductivity of the Ni/NiO/rGO NCs.The Ni/NiO/rGO NCs electrode delivers a superior capacity of 1016.8 mAh·g^(-1)at a current density of 100 mA·g^(-1)after 100 cycles.The reconstruction in structure and the performance optimization of NiO-based nanomaterial provide the possibility for the diversity of anode materials for LIBs.

关 键 词：氧化镍 还原氧化石墨烯 直流电弧等离子体 喷雾干燥 锂离子电池 负极材料 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]