论非诉行政执行的期限变更及其正当理由  

On Changing the Time Limit of Non-litigation Administrative Enforcement and Its Justifications

作　　者：周维栋 ZHOU Weidong

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)政治和法律教研部,北京100091

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第11期161-176,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项“社会主义核心价值观融入国家治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”(项目编号:20VHJ001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：非诉行政执行期限是否可以变更,影响到公共利益的实现与公民权利的保护。在非诉行政执行期限的规则构造上,《行政强制法》第53条存在初始的有意识的法律漏洞,需要法官进行填补,不同的填补方式导致同案不同判。实践中,不管是适用目的性限缩解释或依据司法解释的填补路径将该期限认定为除斥期间,还是类推适用民事执行时效,目前来看都是不合理的。通过对该条文的体系解释与目的解释,宜将非诉行政执行期限定位为法定相对不变期间,既承认法律规定的三个月为法定期间,又支持基于正当理由可依法予以变更。正当理由是权衡公共利益与公民权利的调节枢纽,行政机关对正当理由的判断应遵循个案判断标准和客观性标准,并且在对“理由”的裁量过程中,不得考虑不相关因素,并不得逾越正当程序。Whether the time limit of non-litigation administrative enforcement can be changed affects the realization of public interests and the protection of civil rights.In terms of establishing rules on the time limit of non-litigation administrative enforcement,Article 53 of the Administrative Compulsion Law has an initial and conscious legal loophole that needs to be made up by judges,Which means that different making-up methods lead to different judgments in similar cases.In practice,it is unreasonable at the present stage to determine such time limit as a statute of repose by adopting the method of teleological narrowed interpretation or the approach of making up the loophole according to the judicial interpretation or apply provisions on the time limit of civil enforcement by analogy.Through the systematic and teleological interpretation of Article 53,it is advisable to orient the time limit of non-litigation administrative enforcement as a relatively-constant statutory period,which means that the period of three months prescribed by law is recognized as the statutory period,and such period may be changed according to laws based on justifications.Justifications are the adjustment hub for balancing public interests and civil rights,and the administrative organs should follow both the caseby-case criteria and objectivity criteria to make a decision on the existence of justifications,and exclude irrelevant factors from consideration and should not go beyond due process in the process of making the discretion on"reasons".

关 键 词：非诉行政执行 行政强制 期限变更 正当理由 行政裁量 

分 类 号：DF74[政治法律—诉讼法学]