行政诉讼最长起诉期限制度的合目的性反思及其规则重塑  

Reflections on the Purposiveness of the System of Maximum Time Limit for Actions in Administrative Litigation and Revision of Legal Norms for the System

作　　者：王学辉[1] 刘海宇 WANG Xue-hui;LIU Hai-yu(Administrative Law school,Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2022年第6期97-114,共18页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金项目“行政法秩序下的行政批示研究”(项目编号:18BFX054)的阶段性成果;2021年度西南政法大学行政法学院科研创新计划课题资助成果(立项书编号:XZF2021XSCX-064)。

摘　　要：最长起诉期限作为行政诉讼时效制度中的兜底性安排,在司法实践中的运用,导致权益受到侵害的公民无法得到救济,行政行为所形成的客观不法秩序无法通过法定途径予以消除等问题。以合目的性对最长起诉期限制度进行检视发现,最长起诉期限规范目的对立法目的的限制明显违反比例原则;同时,其适用造成了对作为法的根本目的之实质正义的忽视。因此,需要对最长起诉期限制度进行规则重塑。根据行政行为的效力特性,应以行政行为法律效果是否具有延续性为标准做分殊化处理,将最长起诉期限适用范围限缩在“行政行为法律效果不具有延续性”且“相对人不知道行政行为内容”的情形(基本规则);“行政行为法律效果具有延续性”的情形,则不受最长起诉期限的限制(除外规则),但相对人起诉时法律效果已经消灭的除外(除外规则的限制规则)。The application of the system of maximum time limit for actions,as a bottom-line arrangement in the administrative litigation limitation system,in judicial practice has resulted in issues—citizens whose rights have been infringed cannot be provided with legal remedy,and the objective and illegal order formed by illegal administrative act cannot be eradicated through legal means.With purposiveness,a review of the system of maximum time limit for actions has found that the restrictions imposed by the normative purpose of maximum time limit for actions on the legislative purpose clearly violate the principle of proportionality;at the same time,its application has caused the neglect of the substantive justice as the fundamental purpose.Therefore,it is necessary to reshape the rules of the maximum prosecution period system.According to the characteristics of the effectiveness of the administrative act,it should be differentiated based on whether the legal effect of the administrative act has continuity,and its scope of application should be limited to“the legal effect of the administrative act does not have continuity”and“the administrative counterpart does not know the content of the administrative act”(basic rules).In the case of“the legal effect of the administrative act is continuous”,it is not limited by the longest prosecution period(exception rule),but if the legal effect has been extinguished when the party sues,the right of action is extinguished(limitation rule of the exclusionary rule).

关 键 词：行政诉讼 最长起诉期限 合目的性 立法目的 实质正义 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]