晋产苍耳叶提取物的抗菌活性及其主要抗菌组分  

Antifungal Activity and the Main Antifungal Component of Xanthium sibiricum Leaf from Shanxi Province

作　　者：宋丽丽 梁静 魏思琪 李杨[1] 杨春[1] 曹挥[1] 郅晓燕 SONG Lili;LIANG Jing;WEI Siqi;LI Yang;YANG Chun;CAO Hui;ZHI Xiaoyan(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第12期1695-1701,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21702129);山西省基础研究计划项目(202103021224121);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2016YJ09)。

摘　　要：为了探究苍耳叶提取物对植物病原真菌的抑制作用,并明确其中的抗菌活性物质,以山西太谷地区野生苍耳叶为研究对象,使用95%乙醇提取其有效成分,利用石油醚和乙酸乙酯对其抗菌物质进行初步分离,采用反复硅胶柱层析和重结晶等技术分离纯化其主要抗菌组分,通过菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分析上述各组分的抗菌作用。结果表明,苍耳叶中的主要抗菌物质为倍半萜内酯类化合物苍耳亭;苍耳亭对6种供试植物病原真菌均显示出良好的抑制菌丝生长作用,对玉米圆斑病菌(Bipolaris carbonum)、辣椒枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxyspo⁃rum)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、腐皮镰刀病菌(Fusarium solani)和黄瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)的抑制中浓度均在30μg/mL左右;苍耳亭对4种供试植物病原真菌孢子表现出优异的抑制萌发活性,尤其是对腐皮镰刀病菌和番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)孢子的抑制萌发效果最为显著,抑制中浓度分别为78.00、15.22μg/mL,远优于阳性对照药剂苯醚甲环唑和恶霉灵。研究证实,苍耳叶中丰富的倍半萜类物质苍耳亭是其发挥抗菌活性的重要物质基础,其不仅拥有良好的抑制真菌菌丝生长作用,而且首次发现苍耳亭对植物病原真菌孢子也有强烈的抑制萌发活性,具有开发成新型植物源抗菌剂的巨大潜力。The purpose of this paper is to explore the inhibitory effect of Xanthium sibiricum leaf extract on phytopathogenic fungi and clarify the antifungal active substance from Xanthium sibiricum.Taking wild Xanthium sibiricum leaf in Taigu Shanxi as the research object,its active components were extracted with 95%of ethano,preliminary isolation of antifungal substances was conducted by petroleum ether and ethyl acetate,and the main antifungal compounds were isolated and purfied by repeated silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization.The antifungal activities of the above components were analyzed by mycelial growth rate method and spore germination method.The results showed that the main antifungal compound in Xanthium sibiricum leaf was xanthatin,a sesquiterpene lactone.Xanthatin displayed good inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of six tested plant pathogenic fungi,and the EC50 values of xanthatin against Bipolaris carbonum,Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium graminearum,Fusarium solani,and Colletotrichum orbiculare were about 30μg/mL.Xanthatin exhibited excellent germination inhibition activity on the spores of pathogenic fungi of four tested plants,especially had the most significant germination inhibition effect on the spores of Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea with the EC50 values of 78.00,15.22μg/mL,respectively,which was far better than the effects of the positive controls,difenoconazole and hymexazol.This study confirmed that the sesquiterpene lactone xanthatin in Xanthium sibiricum leaf was the important substance foundation of antifungal activity,it not only displayed good inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi,but also was found to have strong inhibitory germination activity on the spores of plant pathogenic fungi for the first time,indicating that it possessed a great potential of development of a new botanic antifungal agent.

关 键 词：苍耳 倍半萜内酯 苍耳亭 抗菌活性 植物源抗菌剂 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学]