实蝇高引诱性酵母菌的分离和筛选  

Screening of highly effective yeast lure strains of fruit flies

作　　者：张栩浩 罗流河 王珊珊[1] 胡杰 李晓雪[1] 张宏宇[1] ZHANG Xuhao;LUO Liuhe;WANG Shanshan;HU Jie;LI Xiaoxue;ZHANG Hongyu(Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Agricultural Technology Center,Xijiadian Town,Danjiangkou City,Shiyan City,Hubei Province,Shiyan 442706,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺与城市昆虫研究所,湖北洪山实验室,中澳园艺与城市有害生物联合研究中心,武汉430070 [2]湖北省十堰市丹江口市习家店镇农技中心,十堰442706

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第6期133-140,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2600400);国家柑橘产业技术体系(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：实蝇是一类重要的检疫性园艺害虫,易造成果实未熟先黄、脱落和腐烂。利用饵剂进行成虫诱杀是防治实蝇最有效的手段之一,而国内目前普遍缺乏绿色高效的实蝇饵剂。多种微生物被报道对实蝇具有引诱能力,配合诱捕器使用,可以成为一种高效绿色的成虫防治技术。本研究从海南、广东、广西、江西、浙江、湖北等地的柑橘、番石榴、杨桃等虫果及寄主叶片上分离获得了357株酵母菌菌株,通过26S rDNA测序,鉴定出这些菌株分属于8个属、25个种,包含假丝酵母属Candida(6种)、有孢汉逊酵母属Hanseniaspora(5种)、毕赤酵母属Pichia(9种)、酿酒酵母属Saccharomyces(1种)、有孢圆酵母属Torulaspora(1种)、子囊酵母属Galactomyces(1种)、Starmerella属(1种)和威克汉姆酵母属Wickerhamomyces属(1种)。在所有分离培养的酵母菌中,优势种是仙人掌有孢汉逊酵母Hanseniaspora opuntiae,优势度指数为0.22。在模拟田间环境的半封闭网室中测定357株酵母菌株发酵液对南亚果实蝇Zeugodacus tau和橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis雌雄成虫的引诱活性,初步筛选获得发酵液引诱活性较好的菌株12株,其引诱南亚果实蝇和橘小实蝇的数量分别是阳性对照的1.0~3.7倍和3.2~7.8倍。进一步筛选发现克鲁维毕赤酵母Pichia kluyveri ZJGJA31和球形环孢菌Torulaspora globosa HBMTA13发酵液对南亚果实蝇田间引诱能力分别为(10.6±1.7)头/诱捕器和(6.8±1.1)头/诱捕器;对橘小实蝇田间引诱能力分别为(9.1±1.1)头/诱捕器和(23.0±2.9)/诱捕器。结果表明,P.kluyveri ZJGJA31和T.globosa HBMTA13发酵液具有被开发成实蝇引诱剂的潜在价值。Tephritidae fruit flies are important quarantine horticultural pests that cause yellowing, shedding and rotting of fruit before ripening. Chemical control and adult trapping are co-used for fruit flies control. Chemical control is effective, but causes environment pollution and pesticide resistance, while adult trapping relies mainly on sex attractants which are specific towards male insects. Lack of highly efficient and environment-friendly common baits is the key issue which needs to be solved in Tephritidae fruit flies control. A variety of microorganisms have been reported to have the ability to lure the fruit flies. 357 yeast strains were isolated from citrus, guava, starfruit and insect-infested fruits and leaves in orchards damaged by fruit flies in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hubei. 26 S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that these yeast strains belonged to eight genera and 25 species, which contained six species of Candida, five species of Hanseniaspora, nine species of Pichia, one species of Saccharomyces, one species of Torulaspora, one species of Galactomyces, one species of Starmerella, and one species of Wickerhamomyces. Among all the collected yeasts, the dominant species was Hanseniaspora opuntiae, with a dominance index of 0.22. The attractive activity of fermentation broth of 357 yeast strains was measured in a semi-enclosed net chamber simulating the field environment against male and female adults of Zeugodacus tau and Bactrocera dorsalis, among them, 12 strains had good attractive activity, with the attracted amount 1.0-3.7 and 3.2-7.8 times higher than the positive control for Z.tau and B.dorsalis. Further screening revealed that the fermentation broth of P.kluyveri ZJGJA31 and T.globosa HBMTA13 had a luring capacity of(10.6±1.7) per trap and(6.8±1.1) per trap for Z.tau and(9.1±1.1) per trap and(23.0±2.9) per trap for B.dorsalis, respectively. The results indicated that the fermentation broth of P.kluyveri ZJGJA31 and T.globosa HBMTA13 has the potential value to be

关 键 词：南亚果实蝇 橘小实蝇 微生物源引诱剂 酵母菌 

分 类 号：S436.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S433[农业科学—植物保护]