口腔门诊护士工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患患病现况及影响因素分析  

The prevalence and influence factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of dental nurse

作　　者：甘露[1] 李秀娥[1] 路潜[2] 张力川 Gan Lu;Li Xiue;Lu Qian;Zhang Lichuan(Nursing Department of Peking University Stomatology Hospital,Beijing 100081,China;Peking University Health Science Center School of Nursing,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学口腔医院护理部,北京100081 [2]北京大学护理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2022年第10期756-760,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的调查口腔门诊护士工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的患病现况,探讨其影响因素。方法于2020年6至7月,采用分阶段便利抽样方法,从我国7个区域抽取18家三甲口腔专科医院1321名口腔门诊护士,采用一般资料问卷、《医生和护士合作量表》、《付出-回报失衡问卷》和《中国肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》对护士一般资料、医护合作情况、工作压力和WMSDs患病情况进行调查,并对影响因素进行统计学分析。结果口腔门诊护士WMSDs的曾患病率、年患病率和周患病率分别为80.8%(1067/1321)、68.7%(907/1321)和43.7%(575/1321)。58.4%(771/1321)的护士存在3个及以上身体部位WMSDs,颈部、腰部和肩部年患病率分别为42.2%、41.6%、51.4%。WMSDs导致的缺勤率为3.5%~9.0%,其中腰部和颈部疾患导致的缺勤率分别为8.9%和8.0%。每周工作时间>40 h和付出/回报比>1是发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.32~2.30;OR=1.50,95%CI:1.17~1.92,P<0.001、0.002),每周规律体育锻炼(每次≥30 min)是发生WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.56~0.97,P=0.030)。结论口腔门诊护士WMSDs患病率高,患病部位多,可通过降低工作压力、保证充足的休息、加强体育锻炼等措施减少肌肉骨骼疾患的发生。Objective To investigate the prevalence and Influence factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)among dental nurses in tertiary stomatology hospitals.Methods From June to July 2020,1321 dental nurses from 18 tertiary stomatology hospitals in 18 provinces of China were enrolled as research subjects through a phased sampling method.The cross-sectional study was performed with validated instruments including the basic information questionnaire,Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire,Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale,and Chinese Musculoskeletal Questionnaire,so as to get the information about the social demography information,nursing-physician cooperation,work stress and the incidence of WMSDs.The influenang factors of WMSDs was analyzed.Results The past prevalence,annual prevalence,and weekly prevalence of WMSDs were 80.8%(1067/1321),68.7%and 43.7%(575/1321).58.4%(771/1321)of nurses had WMSDs in three or more body parts.Neck(51.4%),waist(42.2%)and shoulder(41.6%)were the top three body regions in the past year.The absenteeism rate due to musculoskeletal disorders ranged from 3.5%to 9.0%,waist(8.9%)and neck(8.0%)were the top two body regions.Working more than 40 hours per week(OR=1.74,P<0.001)and effect/reward>1(OR=1.50,P=0.002)were risk factors of WMSDs(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.32~2.30;OR=1.50,95%CI:1.17~1.92,P<0.05),while regular physical exercise every week(≥30 min per times)was the protective factor(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.56~0.97,P=0.030).Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs of dental nurses in China was high,and most of the nurses suffered with many body parts.Thus,we should reduce controllable occupational stresso,ensuring adequate rest and strengthening physical exercise to reduce the incidence of WMSDs.

关 键 词：口腔医学 牙科学 护士 医护合作 付出-回报失衡 工作压力 工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]