烤烟烟梗原料化学成分的差异  

Differences in chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco stems

作　　者：范兴 李博宇 杨蕾 乔俊峰 农永红 王永 杨国耀 杨梅 资文华 FAN Xing;LI Boyu;YANG Lei;QIAO Junfeng;NONG Yonghong;WANG Yong;YANG Guoyao;YANG Mei;ZI Wenhua(Faculty of Energy and Environment Science,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan Perrin Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学能源与环境科学学院,昆明市650500 [2]云南佩林科技有限公司,昆明市650201

出　　处：《烟草科技》2022年第11期46-57,共12页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“废弃烟梗微波膨化过程多物理场耦合与调控机理研究(32060416)”;云南省高层次人才培养支持计划项目“产业技术领军人才”专项(YNWR-CYJS-2020-041)。

摘　　要：为探讨烤烟烟梗原料化学成分的差异性,通过连续流动、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)等分析表征手段,研究了云南曲靖烟区主栽品种烟叶打叶复烤后不同形态烟梗化学成分的差异。结果表明:①不同品种的烟梗原料,其常规化学成分、细胞壁物质和香味成分均存在差异,但无明显变化规律;②不同形态烟梗原料,碎梗中叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、芸香苷和香味成分前体物的质量分数及香味成分总量均高于梗头、长梗和短梗(P<0.05),而梗头中总植物碱、绿原酸、莨菪亭和石油醚提取物的质量分数高于长梗、短梗和碎梗(P<0.05);③聚类分析结果显示,不同形态的烟梗原料主要分为梗头、长梗和短梗、碎梗3类。长梗和短梗中糖的质量分数偏高,并呈现高钾低碱低木质素的特点,化学成分较协调,优先使用长梗和短梗作为卷烟配方原料,有利于提高烟梗与卷烟配方原料的配伍性和使用价值;而梗头和碎梗呈现高碱高香味成分的特点,可作为电子烟烟碱提取和再造烟叶制备的优选原料。To study the variability of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco stems,stems of different forms after threshing and redrying of major tobacco cultivars in Qujing tobacco planting areas were gathered and analyzed by a continuous flow analyzer,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)methods.The results showed that:1)There were differences in routine chemical components,cell wall substances and aroma components in the tobacco stems of different cultivars,however no obvious trend was found.2)The mass fractions of lutein,β-carotene,rutin,aroma component precursors and the total amount of aroma components in fragmentary stems were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those in stem head,long and short stems.The mass fractions of total alkaloids,chlorogenic acid,scopoletin and petroleum ether extract in stem head were significantly higher than those in long,short and fragmentary stems(P<0.05).3)Cluster analysis results indicated that according to stem form,tobacco stems could be mainly classified into three categories:stem head,long and short stems,and fragmentary stem.Long and short stems had higher mass fractions of sugar and potassium and lower alkali and lignin with more harmonized chemical components.It seemed that priority to the use of long and short stems as the material of cigarette blend would be conducive to improve the compatibility and use value of stems with materials in cigarette blends.The stem heads and fragmentary stems with higher mass fractions of alkali and aroma components could be used as preferred materials for e-cigarette nicotine extraction and reconstituted tobacco preparation.

关 键 词：烤烟 烟梗 常规化学成分 细胞壁物质 香味成分 聚类分析 

分 类 号：TS411.1[农业科学—烟草工业]