不同靠接方式及草木灰施用方式对咖啡靠接成活率的影响  

Effects of Different Grafting Methods and Application of Plant Ash on Survival Rates of Coffee Grafting

作　　者：孙燕[1,2,3] 赵青云 董云萍[1,2,3] 龙宇宙 林兴军[1,2,3] 谭军 张昂[1,2,3] SUN Yan;ZHAO Qingyun;DONG Yunping;LONG Yuzhou;LIN Xingjun;TAN Jun;Zhang Ang(Spice and Beverage Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan Province,Wanning 571533,Hainan;Yunnan Province Dong Yunping Expert Workstation,Pu'er 665000,Yunnan;Yunnan Province Yan Lin Expert Workstation,Baoshan 678000,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁571533 [2]云南省董云萍专家工作站,云南普洱665000 [3]云南省闫林专家工作站,云南保山678000

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2022年第6期45-50,30,共7页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省科技专项资助(ZDYF2022XDNY183);国家自然科学基金项目资助(32101847);海南省自然科学基金资助(321MS093);海南省自然科学基金资助(321MS0804)。

摘　　要：以大粒种咖啡1号(Caffea liberica No.1)种子苗和大田中粒种咖啡‘热研1号’(Caffea canephora‘Reyan No.1’)为材料,研究草木灰施用时间、施用量、施用位置对大田中粒种根系复壮的影响、大粒种和中粒种靠接位置及成熟度对靠接成活率的影响、修剪和解绑顺序对靠接口回枯率的影响。结果表明,相同草木灰用量下,半圆形沟较长方形沟施入效果好,在半圆形沟施入方式中,以第1年施用1.0~1.5kg草木灰的植株根系生长较好,为优选施用量,第3年施用1.5~2.0kg草木灰较其他施用量的根系干物质量和根系活力分别平均提高22.93%和13.30%,施用量过高或过低均不利于植株根系生长。大粒种靠接材料在成熟度一致的情况下,与中粒种截干后新抽生主干的靠接效果好,且离地垂直高度10cm处截干较其他截干高度的靠接后愈合时间平均减少10.87%,成活率平均提高7.65%,截干高度过高或过低均不利于靠接口愈合。靠接1个月后大粒种先截干再解绑较先解绑再截干和同时解绑截干的靠接口回枯率分别平均降低22.93%和13.30%,且在大粒种先截干再解绑的组内比较发现,靠接完成后大粒种、中粒种均打顶较靠接后双株均不打顶或双株中的1株打顶的回枯率低,为最优管理方式。试验通过筛选最佳的草木灰施用方式、靠接及后期管理方式,以期为提高靠接成活率、加快技术落地、缓解咖啡连作障碍提供保障。In this experiment,Caffea liberica No.1 and Caffea canephora'Reyan No.1'were used as grafting materials,and the effects of application time,application amount and application location of plant ash on root rejuvenation of Caffea canephora'Reyan No.1',the effects of grafting position and grafting materials maturity of Caffea liberica No.1 and Caffea canephora'Reyan No.1'on survival rate,and the effects of pruning and untying the bandage sequence on the withered rate of grafting incision were studied.The results indicated that under the same amount of plant ash,the effect of semicircular furrow was better than that of rectangular furrow.In the semicircular furrow,1.0-1.5 kg of plant ash applied in the first year had better root growth,which was the optimum application amount.Compared with the other application rates,the root dry matter weight and root activity were increased by 22.93%and 13.30%respectively in the third year after applying 1.5-2.0 kg plant ash,and too high or too low application rates were not conducive to plant root growth.In the case of the same maturity,the best way was that the Caffea liberica No.1 was grafting with the new main stem of Caffea canephora'Reyan No.1'after the old main stem was cut off.Compared with the old main stem cut off at other heights,the healing time was decreased by 10.87%and the survival rate was increased by 7.65%at 10 cm cutting height,and too high or too low cutting height was not conducive to healing.After one month of joining,compared with Caffea canephora'Reyan No.1'untied the bandage and then cut off or untied the bandage and cut off at the same time,the withered rates of plants cut off and then untied the bandage were reduced by 22.93%and 13.30%,respectively.The withered rate of two plants both topping after grafting was lower than that of two plants no topping or one of two plants topping,which was the best management mode.In summary,in order to improve the grafting survival rate,speed up the application of grafting technology and alleviate the obstacles of contin

关 键 词：咖啡 双根 靠接 成活率 根系复壮 

分 类 号：S571.2[农业科学—作物学]