论海外苏轼的生存困境与应对举措  

On Su Shi’s Survival Dilemma and His Countermeasures in Hainan

作　　者：王友胜[1] WANG You-sheng(Research Center for Ancient Chinese Literature and Social Culture,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学中国古代文学与社会文化研究基地,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期132-139,共8页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目“清代湖湘文学总集研究”(18YBA146)。

摘　　要：苏轼内心强大,在诗歌等公共话语领域中正视人生厄运,保持达观心态;然在具有私秘性的书信中却真诚直率,敢于向友人表达生存困境,展露真实自我。苏轼被贬谪儋州期间,首先,“居无室”,仅有遮风避雨之所;其次,不仅“食无肉”,连吃饭也成问题;再次,日渐衰老而“病无药”,气候炎热而“夏无寒泉”;最后,因政治危机、空间阻隔、语言交流等而致“出无友”,情感寂寞。苏轼思想博通、处事灵动,对生存困境有较强的应对能力与较好的消解策略。第一,通过同友朋的感情联络与热情赞助,解决在贬所生活与医用物质的短缺。第二,延续贬谪黄州、惠州时形成的生活物质自产自给自足的传统,也能逐步适应海南的饮食习惯。第三,保持与部分旧友的书信联络,融入黎族同胞生活,和谐共处。Su Shi,strong-willed,dared to face up to misfortunes of life and behave optimistically in public discourses such as poetry. However,he was sincere and forthright in his private letters,daring to express his predicament to his friends and reveal his true self. First of all,“there is no decent room”,for the housing conditions were poor,and there was merely a shelter against the wind and rain;secondly,daily food could not be warranted,much less“meat”for each meal;thirdly,as he was old and often afflicted with illness,he could not receive proper medical treatment,and above all,the weather was rather hot in summer about which no way could be found to handle;and finally,he felt solitary emotionally without the accompaniment of friends resultant from the political crisis,the space barrier,and language exchange difficulties,etc. Su Shi,broad-minded and flexible in handling affairs,was able to cope with survival difficulties and find a better solution strategy. Firstly,through the emotional contacts with friends and warm sponsorship,he managed to solve the paucity of living and medical materials when in exile;secondly,by carrying forward the tradition of self-production and self-sufficiency of living materials formed when relegated to Huangzhou and Huizhou,Su Shi managed to adapt to the cuisine habits in Hainan;thirdly,by keeping correspondence with some old friends,Su Shi was capable of integrating into the life of the Li people and live in harmony with them.

关 键 词：苏轼 儋州 生存困境 诗文 书信 

分 类 号：I210.94[文学—中国文学]