实物、“工资分”与货币——新中国调整工人工资计算单位的历史实践(1949~1956)  

Physical,“Fen”and Currency:Historical Practice and Epoch Implications of the New China's Adjustment.of Wage Payment Methods(1949-1956)

作　　者：徐鹏 Xu Peng

机构地区：[1]四川大学马克思主义学院 [2]北京大学

出　　处：《中国经济史评论》2022年第2期167-184,共18页China Economic History Review

基　　金：四川大学马克思主义学院高水平人才体系培育项目“中华人民共和国工业化道路选择与变迁研究”阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：1949年前,中国共产党已在解放区进行工人工资制度的探索与实践,并逐渐形成实物工资制。中华人民共和国成立后,为破除国民党所遗留下的旧的、不合理的工资制度,建立新的、合理的社会主义工资制度,党政部门分别在1952年前后及1956年进行了两次全国范围的工资改革。两次工资改革中,工人工资计算单位经历了实物工资、“工资分”、货币工资三个阶段的变化。这个过程既是在保障工人收入与生活水平的背景下,工资与物价从挂钩到脱钩的过程,也是中国共产党从战争到建设这一重大转型中,对工资制度“破旧立新”的过程。新中国成立初年工资计算单位制度的转型,对于保证工人生活水平与调动工人的劳动积极性,对于国民经济恢复与发展以及社会主义建设,以及社会主义工资制度的形成,均具有极其重要的意义。Before 1949,the Communist Party of China had adjusted and implemented the wage system of workers,and gradually formed the wage system in kind.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,in order to break the old and unreasonable wage system left behind by the Kuomintang and establish a new and reasonable wage system,the party and government carried out two national wage reforms in 1952 and 1956.In the two wage reforms,the wage payment mode of workers has undergone three stages of change,namely,wage in kind,"fen"and monetary wage.It is not only the process of ensuring workers income and living standards,but also the process of the binding of wages and prices to the decoupling of wages from prices.It is also a process of""breaking the old and creating new"in the great transformation of the Chinese Communist Party from war to construction.The transformation of the wage payment system in the early years of the founding of new China is of great significance for ensuring the living standard of workers and even arousing the enthusiasm of workers,for the formation of the socialist wage system,for the recovery and development of the national economyand for socialist construction.

关 键 词：工资改革 原职原薪 实物工资 “工资分” 货币工资 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]