障碍物对高层教学楼疏散效率的影响研究  

Research on the influence of obstacles on the evacuation efficiency of high-rise teaching buildings

作　　者：丁元春[1] 李琦 DING Yuanchun;LI Qi(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《湖南城市学院学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期30-37,共8页Journal of Hunan City University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72164016)。

摘　　要：高层建筑物中的行人疏散对于建筑设计和安全管理至关重要,且在存在多个障碍物的情况下,这个问题的复杂性会进一步增加﹒对此,本文基于Pathfinder仿真软件创建了某高层教学楼有、无障碍物2种模型,并通过整体疏散时间和走廊人员疏散特征,对2种模型进行了对比分析;同时,比较有、无障碍物模型的人员疏散路径和疏散密度,揭示了障碍物对疏散过程影响的物理机制,并进一步探究了在人员数量改变情况下障碍物对疏散的影响﹒仿真结果表明:(1)障碍物密集分布缩短了高层教学楼疏散时间,时间减少了164 s,疏散效率提高了18.5%,这体现了“慢即是快”的群体行为﹒(2)障碍物影响疏散的机制有2方面,一方面,高层教学楼中的障碍物不仅分割了教室空间,有助于物理隔离人群,还有效地规划了疏散逃生路径,避免了过多的拥堵行为,减少了疏散时间;另一方面,障碍物改变了教室人员分布密度,使得楼梯的密度水平下降,从而加快了整体疏散过程﹒(3)障碍物的积极作用受到疏散人数的影响,即在人数较多时,该效果有所减弱。Pedestrian evacuation in high-rise buildings is critical to building design and safety management,and the complexity of this problem will be further increased by the presence of multiple obstacles.In this regard,the paper creates two models of a high-rise teaching building with and without obstacles based on Pathfinder simulation software,and compares and analyzes the two models through the overall evacuation time and the evacuation characteristics of corridor personnel;By comparing the evacuation routes and evacuation densities of the models with and without obstacles,the physical mechanism of the impact of obstacles on the evacuation process is revealed,and the impact of obstacles on evacuation when the number of people changes is further explored.The simulation results show that:(1)The dense distribution of obstacles shortens the evacuation time of high-rise teaching buildings,reducing the time by 164 s and improving the evacuation efficiency by 18.5%,which reflects the group behavior of"slow is fast".(2)There are two mechanisms by which obstacles affect evacuation.On the one hand,obstacles in high-rise teaching buildings not only divide classroom space,but also help to physically isolate people,and effectively plan evacuation routes,avoiding excessive congestion and reducing evacuation time;On the other hand,obstacles change the distribution density of classroom personnel,making the density level of the stairs drop,thus speeding up the overall evacuation process.(3)The positive effect of obstacles is affected by the number of evacuees,that is,when there are more people,the effect is weakened.

关 键 词：高层教学楼 障碍物 人员疏散 Pathfinder仿真 教室疏散 

分 类 号：TU244[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] X931.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]