论《民法典》第940条之解释与适用  

On the Interpretation and Application of Article 940 of the Civil Code of PRC

作　　者：周辉斌[1] ZHOU Hui-bin(Law School of Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《时代法学》2022年第6期1-12,共12页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：湖南社科基金项目“前期物业服务合同法律规制研究”(17YBA149)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：根据《民法典》第940条的文义解释,约定期限届满前的前期物业服务合同因普通物业服务合同生效而终止。在现实生活中,绝大多数情况下若不借助于业主行使合同解除权,即使普通物业服务合同“生效”,前期物业服务合同事实上也不可能终止。在司法个案中,法院应将《民法典》第940条解释为前期物业服务合同的法定解除条件而非法定终止条件。同时,不应当适用合同生效的一般规则而应当根据《民法典》第278条规定之条件,对普通物业服务合同的“生效”进行实质性审查,业主大会和业主委员会成立与否及其表决程序以及缔约主体资格、缔约程序等瑕疵均不应当影响对普通物业服务合同“生效”的认定。According to the literal interpretation of Article 940 of the Civil Code of PRC(hereinafter“the Civil Code”),the preliminary property management service contract entered into between a construction employer and a property management service provider shall be terminated prior to the expiration of the agreed service term when the property management service contract entered into by the owners committee or owners and a new property management service provider becomes effective.In reality,the preliminary property management service contract can t be terminated in most cases but for the owners exercising the right to terminate a contract when the property management service contract becomes effective.In judicial practice,the judge should interpretate Article 940 of the Civil Code as a legal resolutive condition but not a legal termination condition of the preliminary property management service contract.Meanwhile,the judge should cite Article 278 but not the general rules concerning the effectiveness of a contract in the Civil Code to examine the material effectiveness of the property management service contract entered into by the owners committee or owners and a new property management service provider.The effectiveness of the property management service contract shouldn t be affected by such conditions as whether the owners committee or the general meeting of owners is established or by flaws in its voting procedure or qualifications of contracting party.

关 键 词：《民法典》第940条 前期物业服务合同 合同终止 合同生效 

分 类 号：DF525[政治法律—民商法学]