二孩生育政策后石景山区围产期出生缺陷变化  

Changes of perinatal birth defects after the two-child policy in Shijingshan District

作　　者：崔文彩 Cui Wencai(Department of Women's Health Care,Shijingshan District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 100041,China)

机构地区：[1]石景山区妇幼保健院妇女保健科,北京100041

出　　处：《实用妇科内分泌电子杂志》2022年第16期43-45,共3页Electronic Journal of Practical Gynecological Endocrinology

摘　　要：目的探讨全面落实二孩生育政策后石景山区围产期出生缺陷的变化。方法回顾性分析于石景山区各助产机构分娩的围产期出生缺陷儿的临床资料,依据全面二孩生育政策落实时间分为A组与B组。比较两组围产期出生缺陷儿的各项数据,分析石景山区围产期出生缺陷的变化趋势。结果两组母亲年龄、文化程度、孕次比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组产次、户籍数据均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组母亲服用叶酸情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组围产期出生缺陷儿父亲年龄高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组围产期出生缺陷儿孕周、出生体重、性别、转归、畸形类型等数据比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组诊断依据数据高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组围产儿出生缺陷率为1.53%,高于B组的1.16%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。统计两组顺位前十的出生缺陷类型,可见外耳及其他畸形在两组中均为第一顺位;先天性心脏病、隐睾及多指在两组中均位列前五;而染色体数目异常在A组中排位第五位,较B组增加明显。结论二孩生育政策落实对出生缺陷存在影响,母亲孕次及父亲年龄可能是导致出生缺陷率增加的原因。Objective To investigate the changes of perinatal birth defects after the implementation of two-child policy in Shijingshan District.Methods The clinical data of children with perinatal birth defects delivered in midwifery-oriented institutions in Shijingshan district were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into group A and group B according to the implementation time of the universal two-child policy.The data of perinatal birth defects were compared between the two groups,and the trend of perinatal birth defects in Shijingshan District was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in maternal age,educational level and pregnancy times between the two groups(P>0.05);the parity and household registration data of group A were higher than those of group B,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in folic acid intake between the two groups(P>0.05);the age of fathers in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in gestational age,birth weight,gender,outcome and type of malformation between the two groups(P>0.05);the diagnostic data of group A was higher than that of group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rate of perinatal defects in group A was 1.53%,higher than 1.16% in group B,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).According to the statistics of the top ten types of birth defects in the two groups,it can be seen that the external ear and other malformations were the first in the two groups;congenital heart disease,cryptorchidism and polydactyly ranked the top five in both groups;while chromosome number abnormality ranked fifth in group A,which increased significantly compared with group B.Conclusion The implementation of the two-child birth policy has an impact on the existence of birth defects.Maternal second pregnancy and paternal age may be the reasons for the increase of birth defects rate.

关 键 词：围产期出生缺陷 母亲孕次 父亲年龄 诊断依据 染色体异常 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]