基于超临界CO_(2)低温流体萃取的鸡内金去腥存效方法研究  

Deodorization with retention of the beneficial activities of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum by supercritical CO_(2) cryogenic fluid extraction

作　　者：许润春[1] 黄伟[1] 刘倩 马鸿雁[1] 郭治平 韩丽[1] 杨明 林俊芝 张定堃[1] XU Run-chun;HUANG Wei;LIU Qian;MA Hong-yan;GUO Zhi-ping;HAN Li;YANG Ming;LIN Jun-zhi;ZHANG Ding-kun(Pharmacy School,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,Chengdu University of Traditional ChineseMedicine,Chengdu 611137,China;SichuanHoude Pharmaceutical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China;State Key Laboratory of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China;TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610072,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院,西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川成都611137 [2]四川厚德医药科技有限公司,四川成都610041 [3]江西中医药大学,现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330004 [4]成都中医药大学附属医院,代谢性疾病中医药调控四川省重点实验室,四川成都610072

出　　处：《药学学报》2022年第11期3419-3428,共10页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82173991);四川省重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFS0442);成都市科技局技术创新研发项目(2021-YF05-02192-SN);国家中医药多学科交叉创新团队项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202209)。

摘　　要：鸡内金是临床常用的消食类中药,属于药食同源品种,但腥臭气味强,影响儿童服药的顺应性。传统炮制方法采用清炒、醋制等加热炮制方法去腥除臭,影响其消化酶活力,亟需寻找新的去腥存效方法。本研究提出并验证超临界CO_(2)低温流体萃取法用于鸡内金去腥存效的技术可行性。首先,采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(HS-SPME/GC-QQQ-MS/MS)结合气味活度值(OVA)法初步确定超临界CO_(2)萃取分离前后鸡内金腥臭气成分差异;然后,基于志愿者感官评价结合挥发性成分分析对比鸡内金生品、清炒品、醋炙品和超临界CO_(2)萃取品腥臭气强度和腥臭气物质种类及含量差异,采用胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力效价测定法对比分析4种鸡内金消化酶活力差异,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对比研究4种鸡内金的物质结构差异,氨基酸含量测定对比总氨基酸、促消化类氨基酸及苦味氨基酸含量差异,采用基于酚红指示剂的大豆油致小鼠胃排空延迟动物模型实验验证体内促胃排空药效差异。研究结果表明,鸡内金粉末腥臭气突出,超临界萃取后腥臭气显著降低,腥臭气成分含量仅为生品中的12.8%;FT-IR分析结果表明鸡内金超临界萃取品较生品物质结构未发生改变,消化酶活力效价测定结果显示生品中淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶活力效价约是清炒品和醋炙品的3.9、1.4倍,超临界CO_(2)萃取品中淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶活力效价约为清炒品和醋炙品的2.7、1.3倍;氨基酸含量测定结果表明4种鸡内金中促消化类氨基酸含量没有明显差异。体内验证实验结果显示,生品组、超临界萃取品组、清炒品组和醋炙品组小鼠平均胃排空率分别为69%、59%、40%和51%,超临界CO_(2)流体萃取法相较清炒法和醋炙法能够有效保留鸡内金促胃排空药效。总体而言,超临界CO_(2)流体低温萃取法较传统的清炒法和醋炙法,可有�Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum(GGEC)is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for digestion.Its odor is unpleasant,which decreases children's compliance with taking this traditional medicine.Traditional processing methods utilize heat processing methods such as stir-frying and vinegar processing to deodorize the medicine,but this affects the activity of digestive enzymes,so there is a need to find a new method for removing the fishy odor while retaining the beneficial effect of GGEC.Here we have developed the use of supercritical CO_(2) low-temperature fluid extraction to eliminate the odor while retaining the medicinal benefits.Headspace-solidphase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-QQQ-MS/MS)combined with the gas activity value method was used to determine compositional differences in the product before and after supercritical CO_(2) extraction and separation.Then,based on the sensory evaluation of volunteers,combined with the analysis of volatile components,the fishy odor intensity and the types of fishy odorants were compared between the raw product,stir-fried product,vinegar product and the supercritical CO_(2) extract.Pepsin and amylase activity were used to compare the differences in the digestive enzyme activities with the four forms of GGEC,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)was used to compare the differences in the structure.We compared the content of total amino acids,digestive amino acids and bitter amino acids,and an animal model of delayed gastric emptying in mice with soybean oil,based on a phenol red indicator,was used to determine differences in the efficacy of gastric emptying in vivo.The results show that the fishy odor of GGEC powder is significantly reduced after supercritical extraction,and the substances that contribute the fishy odor are only 12.8% of the raw material.The results of FT-IR analysis show that the supercritical extract of GGEC is not changed in its material structure compared with the raw product.The dige

关 键 词：鸡内金 去腥存效 生物效价 超临界CO_(2)低温流体萃取技术 

分 类 号：R917[医药卫生—药物分析学]