交际互动中“没有”的否定功能扩张——基于交互主观目的的语用错位的客观否定  

The negation function expansion of meiyou in discourse interactions: Objective negation of pragmatic dislocation based on the subjective purpose of interaction

作　　者：李宇凤[1] LI Yufeng

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,610207

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2022年第6期57-67,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：本文从“没有”与“不”否定对立中和的角度,探讨对话回应中“没有”发生功能扩张的内在规律。对话交际中,“没有”逐步替代“不”实施命题否定和行为否定,造成存在否定与命题判断否定之间的主客观形式/功能错位、引发表达与回应对象之间的方式类型错位,并朝着逆接话题标记和利他行为回应标记两个方向不断演化,“没有”的否定功能不断扩张。说话人利用“没有”与“不”的语法分工,形成侧面对立的错位否定,减弱否定带来的正面冲突和面子损害,即以表面客观的否定方式实现交互主观的礼貌否定意图。From the perspective of opposition and neutralization between meiyou(没有)and bu(不),this article explores the inherent law of functional expansion of meiyou in dialogue response.In face-to-face conversation,meiyou gradually replaces bu to implement propositional negation and behavioral negation,resulting in subjective and objective form/function misalignment between existence negation and propositional judgment negation,and causing the misalignment of the mode type between trigger expressions and response objects.The misalignment usage constantly evolves in the two directions of reverse topic marker and altruistic behavior response marker,which brings the continuous expansion of the negative function of meiyou.The speaker uses the grammatical divergence of meiyou and bu to form a dislocation negation of side opposition,weakening the positive conflict and face damage brought about by negation,that is,realizing the polite negation intention of interactive subjectivity in a superficially objective negation way.

关 键 词：“没有” 存在否定 功能扩张 交际互动 错位否定 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]