总体国家安全观下人防类行政公益诉讼的实践发展与理论省思  

Practical Development and Theoretical Reflection of Civil Air Defense Administrative Public Interest Litigation Under the Overall National Security Concept

作　　者：刘艺 LIU Yi

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2022年第6期33-53,共21页Business and Economic Law Review

摘　　要：从“授权试点”阶段到“全面推开”阶段,检察机关办理的人防类行政公益诉讼案件在数量、深度、广度等方面发生了明显的变化。但办案仍然存在普遍性、均衡性不足以及办案规范程度有待提高等问题。深入分析发现,受“国有财产”受案范围限制、办案主要聚焦于易地建设费收缴环节,加之判决方式相对单一等问题的局限,人防类行政公益诉讼办案质效仍有待提升。通过人防类行政公益诉讼实践可以看出,“放管服”改革造成部分措施不当调整引发人防行政监管的风险,人防行政监管的职权合并与分离的复杂性降低了监管效能。人民防空工程建设关涉国家安全,对人防工程建设的行政监管是一项系统性监管职责。当前公益诉讼办案尚未能触及人防行政监管的痼疾,也无法发现和化解违法行为的真正成因。未来应当在总体国家安全观的指导下,统筹安全与发展,加强人防类检察公益诉讼的办案力度,及时修正办案理念,调整受案范围和办案模式,促进人防法治与国家安全、经济发展的协同推进。From the“authorization pilot”stage to the“all-round push”stage,the number,depth and breadth of civil air defense administrative public interest litigation cases handled by procuratorial organs have changed significantly.However,there are still some problems in handling cases,such as universality,lack of balance and standardization of handling cases.Through in-depth analysis,it is found that due to the limitation of“state-owned property”by the scope of cases,the case handling mainly focuses on the collection of ex situ construction fees,and the limitations of relatively single judgment methods,the quality and efficiency of civil air defense administrative public interest litigation cases still need to be improved.Through the practice of civil air defense administrative public interest litigation,it can be seen that the improper adjustment of some measures caused by the“streamline administration and delegate power,improve regulation,and update services”reform leads to the risk of civil air defense administrative supervision,and the complexity of the merger and separation of powers of civil air defense administrative supervision reduces the supervision efficiency.Civil air defense engineering construction is related to national security,and the administrative supervision of civil air defense engineering construction is a systematic supervision responsibility.At present,the handling of public interest litigation has not solved the long-existing problems of civil air defense administrative supervision,nor can it find and resolve the real causes of illegal acts.In the future,under the guidance of the overall national security concept,we should make overall plans for security and development,strengthen the handling of civil air defense procuratorial public interest litigation,timely revise the concept of handling cases,adjust the scope of accepting cases and the mode of handling cases,and promote the coordinated advancement of civil air defense rule of law with national security and economic development.

关 键 词：总体国家安全观 人民防空 行政公益诉讼 易地建设费 国有财产 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]