东北草原围栏禁牧政策牧民满意度及影响因素实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Satisfaction and Influencing Factors of Herdsmen to Grazing Exclosion Using Fences Policy in Northeast Grasslands of China

作　　者：王骞 雷榕榕 薛贤茹 宋美垚 李晶晶 钟志伟[1,2] 王德利 WANG Qian;LEI Rong-rong;XUE Xian-ru;SONG Mei-yao;LI Jing-jing;ZHONG Zhi-wei;WANG De-li(School of Environment,Northeast Normal University/Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology,Ministry of Education/Jilin Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学环境学院/东北师范大学草地科学研究所,吉林长春130024 [2]植被生态科学教育部重点实验室/吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第10期84-94,共11页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31700357,31770520);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500602);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2412020FZ019);兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLGAE201904)。

摘　　要：为恢复严重退化的草地,我国北方大部分草原于2003年开始实施退牧还草工程,围栏禁牧政策是该工程的一项重要措施。围栏禁牧的实施成效如何可通过牧民的满意度来反映。以入户深度访谈和调查问卷为手段,对内蒙古自治区东部呼伦贝尔、科尔沁和吉林省西部松嫩草原的117户牧民进行了围栏禁牧政策满意度的调研,借助有序回归(Ordinal regression)模型分析了不同牧区牧民对围栏禁牧政策的满意度及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)3个牧区的牧民对围栏禁牧政策总体满意度综合指数仅为29.91%。其中,松嫩草原牧民满意度最低,为27.58%。呼伦贝尔和科尔沁草原牧民满意度则分别为33.33%和31.04%。(2)调查对象的职业(专门从事畜牧业生产或兼业)、对政策生态效益的认知和文化程度分别是影响呼伦贝尔、松嫩和科尔沁草原牧民对围栏禁牧政策满意度的关键影响因素。据此,提出了实施多样化的围栏休牧政策,制定和完善相关法律法规,加强牧业配套工程建设,在当地开展环境教育,提高牧民的文化水平和生态意识,强化围栏禁牧政策成效的建议。In 2003,the Chinese government launched the grazing exclosion using fences policy in northern grasslands to restore the degraded ecosystems in these regions,leading to grazing exclosion using fences policy as one of the critical measures.The degree of satisfaction from the local herders could reflect the effectiveness of this policy.In this study,we randomly selected 117 households from three areas of northern grassland(Hulunbuir grassland,Horqin grassland,and Songnen grassland)to investigate the satisfaction degree of herders with the grazing exclosion using fences policy by using the household in-depth interview and questionnaire survey.We also applied ordinal regression analysis to determine the degree of satisfaction from the local herders and its influence factors.The results showed that:(1)The overall satisfaction index of herders with the policy was 29.91%in the three areas.Herders in Songnen grassland had the lowest satisfaction(27.58%),followed by herders in Hulunbuir and Horqin grasslands(33.33%and 31.04%).(2)The occupations of the interviewees(specialized in animal husbandry production or related work),the cognition of the ecological benefits of the policy,and education level were the key factors affecting the satisfaction of the herders in Hulunbuir,Songnen,and Horqin grasslands,respectively.In summary,several suggestions are brought out to enhance the effectiveness of the grazing exclosion using fences policy in different grasslands.These suggestions include implementing diversified enclosure and grazing policies,formulating and perfecting relevant laws and regulations to strengthen the construction of animal husbandry supporting projects,carrying out environmental education in local areas,and improving the cultural level and ecological awareness of herders.

关 键 词：围栏禁牧政策 满意度 影响因素 东北草原 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]