新型低密度树脂裂解碳改性碳纤维复合材料的制备与性能研究  

Fabrication and Properties of a Novel Low-density Resin Pyrolysis Carbon Modified Carbon Fiber Composite

作　　者：杨玲玉 董顺 洪长青 YANG Lingyu;DONG Shun;HONG Changqing(Aerospace Institute,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《空天防御》2022年第4期1-9,共9页Air & Space Defense

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51902067,51872066);中国博士后基金(2019M651282);黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z19022);上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2019-012)。

摘　　要：为满足高马赫数飞行器对热防护系统轻量化的需求,针对传统方案研制的轻质防热材料的基体存在密度较大、力学性能不佳等问题,提出了真空浸渍辅助抽滤工艺,制备了酚醛树脂裂解碳改性碳纤维复合材料。基于工艺参数的有效调控,实现了复合材料在保持低密度条件下强度的大幅度提升。引入抽滤工艺后研制的材料整体密度低于0.37 g/cm3,与相近密度下非抽滤工艺方案制备材料进行对比,压缩强度提升了47.6~83.9%,弯曲强度提升了23.7~40.8%。引入抽滤工艺有效地解决了传统真空浸渍方案易出现的密度大、力学性能不佳的难题,为我国新一代高马赫数飞行器大面积热防护材料的研制提供了有效的技术途径。To satisfy lightweight requirements of thermal protection systems for hypersonic vehicles,a vacuum impregnationassisted filtration process was proposed to prepare the phenolic resin pyrolysis carbon modified carbon fiber composites in response to the issues of high density and poor mechanical properties of the matrix of lightweight thermal protection materials developed by conventional schemes.The effective adjustment of process parameters has achieved a significant improvement in mechanical properties of the composites under maintaining low-density requirements.Compared with the material prepared by the non-filtering method at a similar density,the material obtained by filtration with a density of less than 0.37 g/cm3 showed an increase in compressive strength of 47.6~83.9%and bending strength of 23.7~40.8%.The introduction of the filtration process effectively solved the problems of the traditional vacuum impregnation scheme with high density and poor mechanical properties,and provided an effective technical way towards developing a new generation hypersonic vehicle large-area thermal protection material for China.

关 键 词：轻量化 真空浸渍 抽滤 酚醛树脂 复合材料 

分 类 号：V259[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]