露天矿内排土场近自然地貌重塑研究——以新疆黑山露天矿为例  

Research on the reshaping of the near-natural landform of the internal dump for open-pit mine:a case study of Heishan Open-Pit Mine,Xinjiang,China

作　　者：夏嘉南 李根生 卞正富 雷少刚[1,3] 宫传刚 李恒 XIA Jianan;LI Gensheng;BIAN Zhengfu;LEI Shaogang;GONG Chuangang;LI Heng(Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Public Policy&Manage,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;The Second Exploration team of Shandong Coalfield Geology Bureau,Shandong Research Center of Coal Mining Subsidence and Goaf Treatment Engineering,Jining 272000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学公共管理学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]山东省煤田地质局第二勘探队山东省采煤塌陷地和采空区治理工程研究中心,山东济宁272000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2022年第11期213-221,共9页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金新疆联合基金资助项目(U1903209);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501107);国家科技基础性工作专项资助项目(2014FY110800)。

摘　　要：露天开采作为我国矿产资源的主要开发形式,其长期高强度人为扰动形成的传统“梯田式”内排土场面临占地面积大、景观破碎等问题。近自然地貌重塑作为矿区修复的重要手段,具有融合矿区内外景观的独特优势。为设计与周边自然地貌相融合的露天矿内排土场地貌,在现有开采工艺基础上,提出一种采排复一体下基于调整曲面的内排土场近自然地貌重塑模型;以新疆黑山露天矿为例,构建内排土场近自然设计地貌,及区域原始地貌和传统设计地貌2个对照组,结合CLiDE演化模型,模拟并评价10 a内近自然设计地貌的抗水蚀效果。结果表明:①地貌设计上,近自然地貌重塑模型在采排复一体化过程中可依据采复子区采前地表、矿层顶板及底板数字高程数据,自动求解复填可用土方量,获取复填子区地表高程近自然设计结果;②土方调配上,近自然设计地貌土方平均运距较传统设计地貌高0.49 m/m^(3),较后者高约0.06%,两者土方平均运距极为接近;③视觉上,近自然设计地貌能够与周边自然景观相融合,相较传统“梯田式”地貌,其与周边自然地貌间无明显拼接痕迹;④土壤水蚀模拟上,近自然设计地貌较传统“梯田式”地貌10 a可减少约39.07%的土壤水蚀量,其可显著提高内排土场表土抗水蚀能力;⑤土壤运移演化上,近自然设计地貌表土流失及堆积区的空间位置与自然原始地貌重叠率达57.27%,较传统设计地貌高2.96%,其区域表土运移特征与采前自然地貌更为接近。Open-pit mining is the main development form of China’s mineral resources.In the process of open-pit mining,the traditional“terraced”internal dumps formed by long-term high-intensity human-made disturbances face problems such as large area and fragmented landscape.As an important means of restoration of the mining area,the near-natural landform remodelling has the unique advantage of in⁃tegrating the landscape outside the mining area.In order to design an open-pit mine dump that is integrated with the surrounding natural landforms,based on the existing mining technology,this research proposes a near-natural landform remodelling of the internal dump by the adjustment of the curved surface under the integration of mining-disposal-refilling.Taking the Xinjiang Heishan open-pit mine as an example,the paper constructs the nearly natural design landform of the inner dump and two experimental control groups,including natural primitive landform and traditional design landform.Finally,the CLiDE evolution model is used to simulate and evaluate the nearly natural design landform’s anti-water erosion effect within 10 years.The results show that:①In terms of geomorphology design,the near-natural geomorphology reshaping model can show according to the DEM before mining,the DEM of mine roof and the DEM of mine floor during the mining-disposal-refilling integration process to get the available earthwork for the refilling automatically and then obtain the near-nat⁃ural design results of DEM of the refilling sub-area;②In terms of earthwork allocation,the average earthwork distance of the nearly nat⁃ural design landform is 0.49 m/m^(3) higher than that of the traditional design landform,which is about 0.06%higher than the latter.Their average earthwork distance values are very similar;③Visually,the near-natural design landform can be integrated with the surrounding natural landscape.Compared with the traditional“terraced”internal dump,there is no obvious splicing mark between it and the surround⁃ing natura

关 键 词：露天开采 近自然修复 土地整形 采排复一体化 内排土场 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]